Non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in contrasting dry and wet years in early- and late-successional boreal forest trees

Key message

Patterns of non-structural carbohydrate allocation in dry and wet differ between birch and larch in southern boreal forest.

Abstract

An increasing area of boreal forests is currently switching from temperature to drought limitation. It is not sufficiently known how the trees’ non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pools are affected by alternating dry and wet phases in drought-prone boreal forests and how NSC concentrations are related to growth responses. In the southern boreal forests of Mongolia, NSC concentrations (including soluble sugars and starch) were determined enzymatically in the stemwood of two tree species during a drought year (2017) that was preceded by another drought in 2015 and two subsequent wet years (2018/19). Betula platyphylla as a broadleaved pioneer tree showed reduced radial stem increment in the drought year and rapidly increasing growth in the following wet years. It had low concentrations of NSC and of soluble sugars in particular, suggesting that most assimilate were invested into growth in this early successional tree. Larix sibirica as a late-successional conifer also showed reduced growth in the drought year, but lagged reductions in NSC concentrations and less pronounced growth releases than birch in 2018/19, suggesting a longer aftereffect of the drought than in birch. Larch maintained much higher NSC concentrations throughout the three studied growing seasons, including the drought episode in 2017. The NSC pool in larch was primarily formed by soluble sugars in sapwood and heartwood. In contrast to birch, larch showed a high allocation priority for assimilates in soluble sugars before investment in biomass, which explains the aftereffect of the drought on both growth and NSC. We conclude that the high soluble sugar concentrations in larch are a key determinant of the extreme drought and cold tolerance of L. sibirica and, therefore, growth has lower allocation priority for carbon compared to birch.