Integration of Microfluidic Capabilities into Micromachined Neural Implants

Several approaches for micromachined neural implants have been established worldwide to deliver neuroscientific tools to investigate the function of the brain. Bioelectrical signals of single cells as well as of synaptic background activity have been recorded via multichannel electrode systems and the effect of electrical stimulation has been used to treat diseases or to partially restore sensory functions. However, the brain does not work only electrically but chemical and electrical signals strongly interact. Therefore, chemical analysis of the metabolism of the brain and neurotransmitters is of high interest as well as delivery of chemical substances to modify signal transduction and generation in the brain. This article presents existing micromachining approaches of electrical neural probes for intracortical recording and microfluidic channels, pumps and valves to realize drug delivery and probe sampling. Application scenarios will be discussed with respect to the opportunities and limitations of the ...