科顿·马瑟《基督教哲学家》(书评)

IF 0.2 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2016-10-05 DOI:10.1353/cat.1995.0006
D. L. Le Mahieu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这本精彩的科顿·马瑟雄心勃勃的自然神学著作展示了清教主义在欧洲接受启蒙运动的一种方式。设计论的论点支持自然神学,依靠对自然过程的经验观察来断言上帝的存在。就像欧洲的“新科学”一样,它假定相似的结果来自相似的原因,这是艾萨克·牛顿在《原理》中的第二个推理规则。然而,在其对最终原因的关注上,设计论的论点与逍遥论的共同点比与17世纪的实验哲学家的共同点更多。正如伽利略和培根所警告的那样,目的论往往变成了同义反复。尽管如此,在英国以及最终在美国的启蒙运动的漩涡中,自然神学的逻辑结构经常跨越宗教界限。正统的神职人员和非正统的小册子作者经常共享基本假设。马瑟接受自然神论者也援引的论点,但这并不需要妥协他的清教主义。
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The Christian Philosopher by Cotton Mather (review)
This splendid edition of Cotton Mather's ambitious natural theology demonstrates one way Puritanism embraced the Enlightenment in Europe. The argument from design, which buttressed natural theology, depended upon empirical observation of natural processes for its assertion that God existed. Like the 'New Science' in Europe, it presumed that like effects proceeded from like causes, Isaac Newton's second rule of reasoning in the Principia. Yet, in its preoccupation with final cause, the argument from design shared more with the Peripatetics than with the experimental philosophers of the seventeenth century. As both Galileo and Bacon warned, teleology too often became tautology. Still, within the swirling cross-currents of the Enlightenment in Britain and eventually in America as well, the logical structures of natural theology often cut across religious boundaries. Orthodox clerics and heterodox pamphleteers often shared fundamental assumptions. Mather's embrace of arguments also invoked by Deists need not compromise his Puritanism.
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发文量
60
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