在马拉维和卢旺达农村贫困评估中捕捉人与自然的关系

IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Case Studies in the Environment Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1525/cse.2021.1425104
M. Schaafsma, N. Gross-Camp
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引用次数: 3

摘要

尽管一再强调自然环境与人类福利之间的联系以及农村穷人对自然资源不成比例的直接依赖,但在贫穷评估中没有很好地处理这些联系。共同贫困概况既没有反映自然对福祉的贡献,也没有反映人们赋予自然的多重价值和意义。在将环境因素纳入福祉衡量的概念基础上,我们的工作旨在根据被衡量的人群确定哪些因素是合法的。我们制定了焦点小组讨论协议,以引出对卢旺达和马拉维农村环境中环境-福祉关系的看法。该协议包括福祉自由清单练习,将列出的项目与预定义的福祉维度联系起来的匹配练习,以及对环境-福祉联系的讨论。我们发现,在这些不同的农村地区,严重的环境退化、危害以及争夺土地和森林的冲突与福祉有着深刻而直接的联系。洪水或长期干旱等环境变化导致收入、作物和资产的损失,以及长期的心理压力,选择自由受到限制,在极端情况下导致死亡。我们的研究结果表明,一些环境因素是幸福的组成部分。我们强调确认在不同背景下被认为与福祉相关的确切环境成分的重要性。扩大包含相关环境因素的贫困衡量,有助于以更合理、更具体的方式采取有针对性的行动来减少贫困。
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Towards Capturing Human Well-Being-Nature Relationships in Poverty Assessments in Rural Malawi and Rwanda
Despite repeated emphasis on the links between the natural environment and human well-being and the disproportionate and direct dependence of the rural poor on natural resources, these links have not been well addressed in poverty assessments. Common poverty profiles neither reflect the contribution of nature to well-being nor the multiple values and meanings that people ascribe to nature. Building on a conceptual grounding for including environmental components in well-being measures, our work aimed to determine for which components it is legitimate to do so according to the people whose well-being is measured. We developed a focus group discussion protocol to elicit perceptions of environment-well-being relationships in rural settings in Rwanda and Malawi. The protocol included a well-being free-listing exercise, a matching exercise linking the listed items to predefined well-being dimensions, and a discussion of environment-well-being connections. We found that severe environmental degradation, hazards, and conflicts over access to land and forests in these diverse rural areas are deeply and directly linked to well-being. Environmental changes such as flooding or extended drought led to losses of income, crops, and assets, as well as prolonged periods of psychological stress, constrained freedom of choice, and in extreme cases, death. Our results suggest that some environmental components are constituent to well-being. We emphasise the importance of validating the precise environmental components that are considered relevant to well-being in different contexts. Extending poverty measurement with relevant environmental components can help in targeting action towards reducing poverty in a more legitimate, context-specific way.
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CiteScore
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自引率
12.50%
发文量
18
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