1927年雅尔塔地震期间的火焰烟雾

Y. Shnyukov, V. Kobolev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1927年,在雅尔塔附近的黑海发生了大规模的甲烷喷发,并伴随着水面上的火焰。这场火灾与通过构造断层进入的甲烷排放有关。这些断层是由地震运动引起的。文章分析了震源带的深度结构和地震过程的性质,并对火灾表现的性质进行了评价。主要因素被认为是甲烷,它在地震时从地壳中升起。地壳摩擦和碰撞产生的电火花点燃了甲烷气体。数百万立方米的大量气体排放被称为气体羽流,已经被修复。确定了火灾现象的时空方向。水面上的主要火灾向两个方向蔓延。第一个是塞瓦斯托波尔-埃夫帕托里亚区,它沿着尼古拉耶夫断层系统向水下延伸至海岸。第二个是向东北延伸的雅尔塔-阿卢什塔地带。它与环黑海地区的构造断裂、断裂带有关。从地震活动性、固结地壳和沉积地层的构造、底部地形形态等方面可以看出,该断裂带至今仍处于活动状态。对黑海北部地区的地质、地球物理资料和地震活跃性分析表明,1927年雅尔塔地震的火灾事件是由于强大的地幔气体-流体沿敖德萨-西诺普和环黑海断裂带内不同规模的构造断层流入结晶基底溶解带造成的大量甲烷喷出造成的。地震触发了底栖沉积层构造断裂的活化,为深部集中的气流体运移提供了条件。
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FIRE GAS PLUMES DURING THE 1927 YALTA EARTHQUAKES
In the Black Sea near Yalta in 1927 there were massive methane outbursts, accompanied by flames over the water. The fire was associated with methane emissions that entered through tectonic faults. The faults were caused by seismic movements. The article analyses the depth structure of the focal zones and the nature of the seismic process and assesses the nature of the manifestations of the fires. The main factor is thought to be methane, which rises from the earth’s crust during earthquakes. The electric spark discharges generated by friction and collision of the earth’s crust ignited methane gas. The massive gas emissions of millions of cubic meters that can be called gas plumes have been fixed. The spatial and temporal direction of the fire phenomena has been established. The main fire outbreaks over the water extended in two directions. The first, the Sevastopol­Evpatoria zone, stretches submeridionally to the coast and follows the Mykolayiv fault system. The second one is the Yalta­ Alushta zone with north-eastern extension. It is associated with tectonic faults within the Circum­Black Sea region, fault zone. This fault zone is active even at present, as indicated by seismicity, the structure of the consolidated crust and sedimentary strata, bottom topography forms, etc. Analysis of geological and geophysical materials, and seismicity of the northern Black Sea region, indicate that the fire events during the Yalta earthquakes in 1927 were caused by massive methane ejections as a result of a powerful mantle gas-fluid flow into the dissolved zones of the crystalline basement along the tectonic faults of different scales within the Odessa­Sinop and Circum Black Sea fault zones. Earthquakes triggered the activation of tectonic faults in benthic sedimentary horizons for the migration of focused deep-seated gas-fluid streams.
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