亚速海-黑海盆地底部沉积物的粘土矿物

Y. Shnyukov, Y. Inozemtsev, O. Parishev, M. Maslakov, O. Rybak, Z. V. Krasnozhina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

亚速海-黑海盆地是帕拉提提斯洋的东部,被克里米亚和高加索地区不均匀的山脉结构所包围,毗邻太古代乌克兰结晶地块的大陆斜坡,以及安纳托利亚山脉系统。地质构造通过其岩性和岩石学组成,影响覆盖海底深海部分及其现代表面的岩石组成。深水钻井已经通过黑海底部的一段,到达上新近纪(上萨尔马提亚)的沉积层。黑海和亚速海底部上层主要为第四纪沉积物,属于不同的时代间隔,这与大陆冰期黑海盆地水位的反复变化有关。这导致了盆地水位的相应变化,其结果是陆源物质(河流冲积物和基岩破坏的产物)涌入深水区。海底沉积物的岩性和矿物学组成反映了其来源的物质组成。目前研究最多的是7-10 m厚的上层海底沉积物。这一层由三部分组成,从22000年到现在。在岩性方面,这是一层富含水滑石的颗粒,一层腐泥和现代陆源粉砂。它们的起源与海平面波动和气候变化密切相关。对海底沉积物的岩性组成的研究可以认为是令人满意的,而对最细组分的认识是不足的。对粘土矿物的组分进行了初步研究,并对粘土矿物的组成和空间分布进行了研究。其中以水云母、蒙脱石、高岭石、绿泥石和混合层状地层分布最广。
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Clay minerals of the bottom sediments of the Azov — Black Sea basin
The Azov-Black Sea basin is the eastern part of the Paratethys Ocean, surrounded by unevenaged mountain structures of the Crimea and the Caucasus, adjacent to the continental slope of the Archean Ukrainian crystalline massif, as well as the Anatolian mountain system. By their lithological and petrographic composition, geological structures influence the composition of the rocks covering the abyssal sections of the seabed and its modern surface. Deepwater drilling has passed the section of the bottom of the Black Sea and reached the layer of sediments of the Upper Neogene (Upper Sarmatian). The upper layers of the bottom of the Black and Azov Seas are mainly represented by sediments of the Quaternary period belonging to different age intervals, which is associated with repeated changes in the level of the Black Sea basin during continental glaciations. This led to a corresponding change in the level of the basin and, as a consequence, to the influx of terrigenous material (fluvial alluvium and products of destruction of bedrock) into the deep water area. In terms of their lithological and mineralogical composition, bottom sediments reflect the material composition of their sources. At present, the upper layer of seabed sediments up to 7-10 m thick is the most studied. This layer consists of three divisions from 22 thousand years to the present. In lithological terms, this is a layer of pellets enriched in hydrotroilite, a layer of sapropels and modern terrigenous silts. Their origin is closely related to sea level fluctuations and climate change. The study of the lithological composition of bottom sediments can be considered satisfactory, while the knowledge of the finest fraction is insufficient. Preliminary studies of the clay fraction, followed by the participation of the authors in this process, studied the composition and spatial distribution of clay minerals. Among them, hydromicas, montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite, and mixed layered formations are the most widespread.
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