古文物和中世纪文化遗产作为北黑海海岸和布格河口地区黑海陆架地质生态系统的资源

V. Iemelianov, M. Ievlev, O. Chubenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文是作者致力于研究考古文物资源潜力的系列出版物的延续-古代和中世纪遗产遗址作为黑海北部海岸(GESNBSC)和附近黑海陆架(包括河口)现代地质生态系统的人为组成部分。这些地点目前部分或全部位于黑海地质生态系统(BSG)空间的过渡部分和河口的相关地质生态子系统,在那里现代自然航空、水生和地质环境子系统相互连接。本文介绍了位于该地区形成的地质生态系统空间内的古代和中世纪文化遗产考古遗址的研究成果、特征和类型化。其中包括在虫口古海岸和沿海古地质生态系统空间中发现的水下考古遗址,它们与曾经作为陆地地质生态系统一部分形成的最重要的考古遗址联系在一起。初步重建了古、中古时期布格河口的边界;GESNBSC空间和黑海陆架与河口相邻区域具有丰富的资源考古潜力,其中古代和中世纪的文化遗产考古遗址曾一度属于某些古GESNBSC空间,但现在位于Bug河口的现代地质生态系统空间。本文简要介绍了已知的考古遗址、古代和中世纪部分水下文化遗产遗址以及其他一些有趣的水下考古文物,并说明了参考现代自然BSG环境子系统之间边界的水深和地貌特征扩大研究的可行性。这些知识对于解决与更深刻地理解亚速海-黑海盆地陆架和GESNBSC古地质生态和现代地质生态条件变化的原因和后果有关的问题,预测其动态和发展方向,以及对历史和考古重建,特别是确定新的文化遗产具有重要意义。本文所发表的地质考古(即地质生态学和考古学的综合体)研究成果,不仅对认识过渡性地质生态系统及其资源(包括作为人为成分的考古文物)的形成和功能具有重要意义,而且对公共文化的发展、历史记忆人口及其历史意识的扩展具有重要意义。此外,这种知识对于有意识地和称职地处理黑海北部地区社区发展中的一些经济问题是必要的。特别是,吸引对沿海和水下旅游发展的投资,在寻找、鉴定、利用和保护现代GESNBSC和BSG空间内古代和中世纪文化遗产的历史和考古潜力的特定条件下,预测研究区域固有的许多地质环境过程的影响。这些人为因素是自然地质环境条件及其动态对该地区居民从古至今的生活特点和迁移的影响的客观证据。
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Objects of Antique and Medieval Cultural Heritage as a resource of the geoecosystems of the Northern Black Sea Coast and of the Black Sea Shelf in the area of the Bug Estuary
This article is a continuation of the author’s series of publications devoted to the study of the resource potential of archaeological artifacts — sites of ancient and medieval heritage as anthropogenic components of modern geoecosystems of the Northern Black Sea coast (GESNBSC) and the nearby Black Sea shelf including the estuaries. These sites are currently partially or fully located in the transitional part of the Black Sea Geoecosystem (BSG) space and associated geoecological subsystems of estuaries, where modern natural aerial, aquatic and geological environmental subsystems interface with each other. The article presents the results of research, characterization and typification of archaeological sites of the cultural heritage of ancient and medieval times, which are located in the space of geoecosystems that were formed in this region. Among them are the underwater archaeological sites dis- covered in the space of ancient coastal and littoral paleogeoecosystems of the Bug Estuary, their connection with the most significant archaeological sites that were once formed as part of geoecosystems of the land. A preliminary reconstruction of the borders of the Bug Estuary in ancient and medieval times is made; there is demonstrated the resource archaeological potential of GESNBSC spaces and the adjacent zone of the Black Sea shelf with estuaries, including the ancient and medieval archaeo- logical sites of cultural heritage, which were created and for some time belonged to the spaces of cer- tain paleo-GESNBSC, but are now located in the space of modern geoecosystem of the Bug Estuary. The article gives a brief description of the already known archaeological, partially submerged sites of ancient and medieval cultural heritage, some other interesting underwater archaeological artifacts, and shows the feasibility of expanding their study with reference to bathymetric and geomorphological features of the boundaries between modern natural BSG environmental subsystems. Such knowledge is important both for solving the issues related to a more profound understanding of the causes and consequences of changes in the paleogeoecological and modern geoecological conditions of the shelf of Azov-Black Sea basin and GESNBSC, predicting their dynamics and directions of development, and for historical and archaeological reconstructions, in particular, to identify new cultural heritage sites. The results of geoarchaeological (that is, a complex of geoecological and archaeological) studies published in the article are important not only for understanding the formation and functioning of transitional geoecosystems with their resources, which include archaeological artifacts as anthropogenic components, but also for the development of public culture, historical memory population and expansion of its historical consciousness. In addition, such knowledge is necessary to consciously and competently address a number of economic problems in the development of communities in the Northern Black Sea region. In particular, to attract investment in the development of coastal and underwater tourism, to predict the impact of many geo-environmental processes inherent in the research region under specific conditions of the search, identification, use and preservation of the historical and archaeological potential of ancient and medieval cultural heritage located in the space of modern GESNBSC and BSG as their components. These anthropogenic components are objective evidence of the impact of natural geo-environ- mental conditions and their dynamics on the peculiarities of life and migration of the region’s inhabitants from ancient times up to the present.
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