Xylazine and Lidocaine: Uses of High Epidural Anesthesia in the Domesticated Small Animals

| The current study was conducted to investigate the recent literature concerning latest achievements in the high epidural anesthetic technique and high epidural anesthetic drugs injected to induce epidural analgesia in small ruminants like caprine and ovine. The information was obtained from published papers of last twenty years via research gateways such as; PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Small ruminant anesthesia, local anesthesia in ruminants and high epidural analgesia in sheep and goats were key points for this review. However, these research papers were included in this study, were published between from 1999 to 2017. The bibliographies of these references were also used for reviewing the High epidural anesthesia in small animals. However, a total of 29 articles were reviewed for this study. The scope of lumbosacral epidural analgesia and also its clinical application was studied. The most commonly anesthetic agents injected to produce high epidural analgesia in ovine and caprine species were 2% lidocaine and xylazine were included in this study. This study showed that administration of xylazine in high epidural anesthesia produce a significant analgesic and sedative effect for laparotomy (peritoneal) surgical interventions in ovine and caprine species as compared to lidocaine. Novelty Statement | This comprehensive review will be very helpful to reduce anesthetic risk by using high epidural analgesia in small ruminants for hindquarter surgical procedures like hysterotomy, celiotomy, rumenotomy, repair of prolapse (vigina, rectum and uterus) hernia and other abdominal affections. Article History Received: December 28, 2020 Revised: January 26, 2021 Accepted: March 07, 2021 Published: June 09, 2021 Authors’ Contributions MYJ wrote the manuscript and collected material. ANT revised the manuscript. AMS, TAK and MMR Revised the manuscript and collected material.