Pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area (peri-implantitis and periodontitis) and squamous cell carcinoma: similarities and differences (review)

Currently, intraosseous dental implantation is one of the most widely used methods to eliminate various defects of the dentition. Despite the achievements of modern medicine, the frequency of inflammatory complications, such as peri-implantitis, in patients after dental implantation remains relatively high. Some authors suggest the presence of similarity of peri-implantitis with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity at the level of pathogenesis, as well as cases of mimicry of these different nosological units are described. In this review, we study the pathogenetic mechanisms of the emergence and development of chronic inflammatory processes on the example of dental peri-implantitis, squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and periodontitis, as well as the comparison of pathogenetic patterns of these processes with the study of the possible relationship. The objective of the review was to provide readers with knowledge about the common pathogenetic mechanisms of different nosological units. First of all, the data are necessary for dentists, who must remember the principle of cancer alertness, carefully carry out differential diagnosis, change the tactics of treatment of peri-implantitis with suspected tumor process.