Monte Carlo-based optimization of a gamma probe system for sentinel lymph node mapping

Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard surgical technique to identify sentinel lymph node (SLN) for the staging of early breast cancer. Nowadays, two methods are used for the identification of SLN: blue dye method aiding visually and radioactive dye using gamma detector. A wide range of gamma probe systems with different design and performance are used in intra-operative surgery. The performance of the probes is evaluated by some parameters such as sensitivity, spatial resolution, angular resolution, and shielding efficiency. Methods: In this study, we simulated a gamma probe system, SURGEOGUIDE II based on CsI(Tl) scintillator, a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), and a tungsten collimator, using the MCNP4C Monte Carlo (MC) method and comparing with experimental measurement. Finally we modeled a series of probe with various crystal material, crystal length, and collimator hole length to evaluate the sensitivity and the spatial resolution in order to propose the optimal configuration. Results: The sensitivity of the system was measured as 2040 cps/MBq in 30 mm distance from the source. The spatial resolution and angular resolution were 43 mm and 70