基于遥感地理空间技术的土地利用和土地覆盖变化检测——以尼日利亚西南部某城市为例

Adenike Olayungbo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

发展中国家的许多城市正在经历生态系统的改造和变化。今天,世界上大约有1000万公顷的森林被转为其他土地用途。在尼日利亚,1995年至2020年期间,估计增加了875万公顷耕地,减少了约171万公顷森林覆盖,这表明尼日利亚正在经历广泛的土地利用和土地覆盖变化。本文对尼日利亚西南部Ila Orangun地区1986 - 2018年土地利用/覆被变化进行了分析,旨在为土地利用/覆被变化的格局和趋势提供充分的信息,以便进行适当的监测和有效的规划。该研究利用了Landsat 1986年、2002年和2018年的卫星图像。利用遥感和地理信息系统技术以及监督图像分类方法评估了研究期间城市的变化幅度。结果表明:1986 - 2018年,森林覆盖率下降26.36%,水体损失44.48%;耕地面积快速增长365.7%,建成区面积逐步增长103.85%,年均增长3.25%。森林是唯一面积持续减少的土地覆盖类型。研究认为,研究区土地利用和土地覆盖的变化是人为活动的结果。
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Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection Using Remote Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of an Urban City in Southwestern, Nigeria
Many cities in developing countries are experiencing ecosystem modification and change. Today, about 10 million hectares of the world’s forest cover have been converted to other land uses. In Nigeria, there is an estimated increase of 8.75 million ha of cropland and decrease of about 1.71 million ha of forest cover between 1995 to 2020, indicating that Nigeria has been undergoing a wide range of land use and land cover changes. This paper analyses the changes in land use/cover in Ila Orangun, Southwestern, Nigeria from 1986 to 2018, with a view to providing adequate information on the pattern and trend of land use and land cover changes for proper monitoring and effective planning. The study utilized satellite images from Landsat 1986, 2002 and 2018. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques as well as supervised image classification method were used to assess the magnitude of changes in the city over the study period. The results show that 26.36% of forest cover and 44.48% of waterbody were lost between the period of 1986 and 2018. There was a rapid increase in crop land by 365.7% and gradual increase in built-up areas by 103.85% at an annual rate of 3.25%. Forest was the only land cover type that recorded a constant reduction in areal extent. The study concluded that the changes in land use and land cover is a result of anthropogenic activities in the study area.
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