Upcycling of Oyster Mushroom Spent Through Reuse as Substrate in Sequential Production Cycles of Mushroom

Mushrooms are great food for humans having valuable nutritional composition but low energy content (Gyenge et al., 2016). Mushroom production is an environmental-friendly technology; nevertheless, large volumes of solid waste are generated after harvesting, called mushroom spent substrate, (MSS) (Pecchia et al., 2014) or mushroom compost (MC). It also called mushroom bran or mushroom residue in China which is one among the mushroom biggest producers in the world (Chang, 2006). Sample et al. (2001) and Medina et al. (2012) reported that about 5 kg of waste substrates are produced from the production of 1 kg of mushrooms which may adversely affect the environment if they not appropriately controlled. For the progress of the mushroom industry, it is necessary to manage these by-products sustainably.