Three studies show family allowances, welfare payments do not encourage increased family size.

The relationship between fertility and family assistance programs was studied in the United States and 67 other countries. C.F. Holm showed in a study of 67 countries that fertility levels were lower where higher levels of family allowances were paid and where more children were covered by the allowances. C.R. Winegarden obtained the same results in a study of United States fertility. A study of New York City women bearing their first child indicated that those on welfare wanted significantly fewer children than nonwelfare mothers.