A decentralized model to ensure traceability and sustainability of the food supply chain by combining blockchain, IoT, and machine learning

Many food contamination incidents have occurred during the last decade which has proven the failure of the food supply chain management system to track the food, money, and information movement within the food supply chain. Many models have been established. This paper presents the design and implementation of the new model providing real-time data acquisition, monitoring, and storing on a tamper-proof blockchain of the main food supply movement. This system is using smart contracts that are deployed on the Ethereum blockchain to allow every participant to transact securely with other FSC players. IoT networks are implemented in different workplaces to gather multiple data about food status without human involvement to ensure transparency by different sensors. Machine learning models are established to ensure the correctness of the collected data and help drive decision making within the application or businesses.