描绘苏联的童年

IF 0.1 Q3 HISTORY JAHRBUCHER FUR GESCHICHTE OSTEUROPAS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI:10.25162/JGO-2019-0003
Monica Rüthers
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文以社会主义现实主义这一关键概念为解释框架,探讨了“快乐的苏联童年”在地方语境中的视觉建构。资料来源是20世纪60年代和70年代位于乌拉尔南部和莫斯科地区的先锋夏令营的相册,对前营地领导人的采访和教学材料。这些精心制作的相册被认为是给地方当局的内部报告,并提交给一个最佳营地的地区竞赛。作为一个快乐童年的成人叙述,这些专辑是一个文化系统的一部分,它创造并代表了苏联快乐童年的特定地形。同时,这些摄影报道也见证了人们对这个童年的凝视。这篇论文探讨的不是单张照片,而是作为艺术品的相册。重点是通过制作、选择和安排相册中带有标语和标志的照片,围绕图像和叙事的(再)生产的社会实践。视觉方法与空间方法相结合:夏令营是苏联童年地形的一部分,在苏联童年崇拜的背景下提供了异位空间。它们也为女性提供了机会,暂时逃离工作和家庭琐事的麻木和受控制的空间。
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Picturing Soviet Childhood
Using the key concept of socialist realism as interpretational frame, the paper investigates the visual construction of the spaces of the ‘happy Soviet childhood’ in provincial contexts. Sources are photo albums of pioneer summer camps from the 1960s and 1970s situated in the southern Urals and in the Moscow region, interviews with former camp leaders, and instruction materials. The elaborate albums were conceived as internal reports for local authorities and submitted to a regional competition for the best camp. As adult narrations of a happy childhood, the albums are part of a cultural system that created and represented a specific topography of Soviet happy childhood. At the same time, the photographic reports are witnesses of the gaze upon this childhood. The paper explores not so much the single photographs, but the albums as artefacts. The emphasis is on the social practices surrounding the (re)production of the images and narrations by making, choosing and arranging photographs with slogans and emblems in the albums. The visual approach is combined with a spatial one: The summer camps were part of a Soviet topography of childhood offering heterotopic spaces in the context of the Soviet cult of childhood. They also provided the opportunity, namely for women, to escape temporarily from the mind-numbing and controlled spaces of work and family chores.
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