Sanger Sequencing by Hand: Using Paper Clips to Demonstrate Chain Termination

Sanger sequencing is commonly taught with a hands-on approach. Sanger sequencing involves chain termination by dideoxynucleotides, because they are missing the oxygen on the 3’ carbon atom, which is required for the addition of subsequent nucleotides. This is a first-generation sequencing method, but it is still relevant to genetics today. It is also simpler than next-generation sequencing. Therefore, Sanger sequencing is a helpful introduction to sequencing techniques for students. The concept of chain termination can be visualized in a variety of ways using different objects, such as candy or cut pieces of paper