2016-2018年基辅犬钩端螺旋体病血清学监测及病原学结构分析

S. Babyuk, O. Piskùn, V. Ukhovskyi, A. Piskun, L. Korniienko, T. Tsarenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

钩端螺旋体病——常见于人类和动物——是一种由微生物——钩端螺旋体引起的危险传染病。该病伴有发热、肾、肝、心血管和神经系统损伤。狗的钩端螺旋体病被认为是最常见的疾病之一。特别困难的是有缺陷的身体结构的品种,如:那不勒斯马斯蒂诺,Bulmastiff,英国斗牛犬,法国斗牛犬,拳师犬,博洛尼亚,寻血猎犬,巴吉特猎犬。该病最常见于狩猎品种的狗,因为它们经常接触死水,也常与庭院和流浪狗接触。年幼的动物和幼犬更容易生病,因为它们没有稳定的免疫力,出血性疾病更常在老年狗身上诊断出来。目的是研究犬中钩端螺旋体病的分布,确定该动物中最常见的钩端螺旋体血清型的血清阳性水平和血清流行率。在研究方面,从乌克兰国家科学院兽医研究所微生物博物馆将广泛的诊断系列审问乳杆菌(其中包括20种血清型)和从基辅市兽医诊所挑选的狗的血清用作抗原,并转移到农业动物钩端螺旋体病实验室。血清的研究是通过微凝集试验(MAT)进行的,然后是暗场显微镜。PMA放置在四种稀释度:1:50,1:100,1:500和1:25 00。根据世界各国科学家的大量出版物,狗的钩端螺旋体病感染血清阳性率从39%到95%不等。对1831份血清进行了显微凝集试验。血清学研究结果显示,873只动物反应阳性,占调查动物总数的47.7%。分析登记抗体滴度,最常发现滴度为1:100,占阳性反应总数的50.4%。这表明狗身上存在某种疾病。在钩端螺旋体病的所有阳性反应中,有近50%记录有血清群黄疸出血,并在该病的病因学中起主要作用。可以假设这些狗接触过老鼠或它们的尿液。反过来,这些动物的主要血清群Canicola仅在三分之一的病例中被检测到。其他血清学组在病因结构中起次要作用。综上所述,根据我们的工作结果,确定犬钩端螺旋体病发病机制的血清学患病率为47.7%。在这些动物的血清中检测到钩端螺旋体抗体的循环。钩端螺旋体病的病原学结构分析表明,主要血清群为黄疸出血热和犬弧菌。7个血清群(Pomona、Sejroe、grippo伤寒、Australis、autumn nalis、Celledoni、Ballum)在1% ~ 4%之间。其他血清组对犬的发病率没有显著影响。关键词:钩端螺旋体病,犬,病原学结构,血清学监测,抗体,显微凝集试验。
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Leptospirosis of the dogs in Kyiv in 2016-2018, serological monitoring and analysis of the ethioological structure
Leptospirosis – common to humans and animals is a dangerous infectious disease that is caused by microbes - leptospires. The disease is accompanied by fever, kidney damage, liver, cardiovascular and nervous system. Leptospirosis in dogs is considered one of the most common diseases. Particularly difficult is the breed with a faulty type of body structure, such as: Neapolitan Mastino, Bulmastiff, English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Boxer, Bologna, Bloodhound, Basset Hound. The disease is most often diagnosed in dogs of hunting breeds, as a result of frequent contact with standing water, as well as in courtyard and stray dogs. Young animals and puppies get sick more often, as they do not have a stable immunity, the hemorrhagic form is more often diagnosed in older dogs. The subject was to study the distribution of leptospirosis among dogs, to establish the seropositivity level and to determine the seroprevalence of the most common of Leptospira serotypes that circulate among this species of animals. For research, an extensive diagnostic series of L. interrogans which includes 20 serovars, and blood serum from dogs that were selected in veterinary clinics in the city of Kyiv, were used as antigen and were transferred to the laboratory of leptospirosis in agricultural animals from the Museum of Microorganisms of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Studies of blood serum were performed by the microagglutination test (MAT) followed by dark-field microscopy. PMA was placed in 4 dilutions: 1:50, 1: 100, 1: 500 and 1: 2500. According to numerous publications of scientists from different countries of the world, the seroprevalence level of leptospirosis infection among the dogs varies from 39% to 95%. A total of 1831 samples of blood serum were studied in the microscopic agglutination test. As a result of the serological study, 873 animals reacted positively, which is 47.7% of the total number of investigated ones. Analyzing the registered antibody titers, which is most often found titer 1: 100, which is 50.4% of the total number of positive reactions. This indicates the presence of a disease in dogs. Serrogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae is recorded in almost 50% of all positive reactions to leptospirosis and plays a major role in the etiology of the disease. It can be assumed that these dogs had contact with rats or their urine. In turn, the leading for these animals serogroup Canicola was detected in only a third of cases. Other serological groups played a minor role in the etiological structure. Summing up the aforesaid, according to the results of our work, serological prevalence of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis among dogs was determined to be 47.7%. Was detected the circulation of Leptospira`s antibodies in blood serum of these animals. The analysis of the etiological structure of leptospirosis showed that the dominant serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola. Seven serogroups (Pomona, Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Australis, Autumnalis, Celledoni, Ballum) were recorded in the range of 1% to 4%. Other serogroups do not have a significant effect on the morbidity of dogs. Keywords: leptospirosis, dogs, etiological structure, serological monitoring, antibody, microscopic agglutination test.
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