Protective role of hispolon pyrazole and hispolon monomethyl ether pyrazole in electromagnetic radiation-induced behavioral, neurochemical, oxidative, and histological changes in rats

Introduction: Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones was reported to cause neurological damage. Hispolon pyrazole (HP) and hispolon monomethyl ether pyrazole (HMEP) were tested for their RF-EMR protection in rats. Methods: Juvenile Wistar albino rats were exposed to the mobile phone generating 2400 MHz radiation with a maximum power output of 2 W/kg (Specific absorption rate 1.6 W/kg) for 90 days at a rate of 2 hours/day, treated with HP and HMEP at 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight. The elevated plus maze (EMT) test was used for anxiety and exploration evaluation, the forced swim test (FST) for depression, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test for learning and memory. The oxidative stress markers like glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malonaldehyde (MDA), and the neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, and acetylcholinesterase along with histopathology in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus were evaluated to establish the mechanism of the neuronal alterations of HP and HMEP against RF-EMR-induced damage. Results: In the current investigation, HP at a higher dose of 40 mg/kg and HMEP at both doses significantly reduced the oxidative stress generated by RF-EMR from mobile phones and altered neurobehavioral, neurotransmitter, and histological alterations. Conclusion: Based on the findings, HP and HMEP at a dose of 40 mg/kg are protective agents against long-term, continuous mobile phone use and can be regarded viable therapeutic agents.