“Women Get Infected but Men Die …!” Narratives on Men, Masculinities and HIV/AIDS in Botswana

This paper uses a mixed-method approach of focus group discussions, key informant and in-depth interviews to explore representations of masculinities and maleness within the context of HIV and AIDS in Botswana. Men and masculinities are heavily implicated in Botswana’s HIV and AIDS epidemic through unequal gender power relations that have increased women’s vulnerability to infection. However, research in Botswana has failed to engage men and masculinities and thus generate the evidence base needed for programs aimed at male involvement. The pursuit of gender equality through women’s empowerment makes some men feel alienated and unsure about their identity and role in these programs, while others are suspicious of women’s empowerment, which they perceive as disempowering men in order to empower women. Research and programs need to adopt a gender discourse that incorporates men and masculinities, and includes the socio-cultural and other contextual factors that underpin gender inequality and increased vulnerability to HIV infection.