阿尔泰哈萨克猎鹰作为“遗产旅游”:蒙古西部的金鹰节

IF 0.6 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY International Journal of Intangible Heritage Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI:10.35638/IJIH.2014..9.016
Takuya Soma, B. Sukhee
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引用次数: 12

摘要

在蒙古西部巴彦乌尔吉(Баян Өлгий/巴彦Ölgii)艾马格(省)的阿尔泰语系哈萨克族牧民社区中,猎鹰(或叫卖)是一种有着数百年历史的狩猎方式。猎人们专门用雌金雕来捕猎狐狸。在过去的十年里,遗产旅游的传播给传统带来了积极和消极的变化。这也改变了当地猎鹰人对人的态度,尤其是对游客的态度。从2000年开始,金鹰节(Бүргэдийн наадам/ бүркіт той)的设立,使猎鹰从单纯的狩猎变成了为游客提供示范和娱乐的活动。本研究通过(1)对阿尔泰、萨格赛、托尔博和乌兰胡斯萨姆(县)当地猎鹰者态度的调查,(2)对有关当局的访谈,以及(3)基于参与者观察的民族志文献,报告了阿尔泰哈萨克族猎鹰者的矛盾处境。这项研究描述了金鹰节的作用,它已经成为德国卡塞尔大学有机农业科学学院副研究员Battulga Sukhee (Сүхээ Баттулга)蒙古国立大学外语与文化学院教授用鹰狩猎的传统的重大变革的力量。新的鹰主人出现了,而与此同时,传统的狩猎活动几乎消失了。似乎现在一些猎鹰人在没有任何驯服和狩猎知识的情况下就养鹰了。当地的猎鹰文化比以往任何时候都更加复杂,猎鹰人对这种情况有各种各样的看法。最后,为了关注这种从“生活传统”到“后语境文化”的文化转变,本研究着手确定阿尔泰哈萨克猎鹰文化可持续性的标准并创建总体规划,以保护其作为“持续的”非物质文化遗产。
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Altai Kazakh falconry as 'heritage tourism': The golden eagle festivals of western mongolia
Falconry (or hawking), a centuries-old method of hunting, survives in the Altaic Kazakh pastoralist community in Bayan Ulgii (Баян Өлгий/Bayan Ölgii) Aimag (Province) , in Western Mongolia. The hunters specialise in hunting foxes with female golden eagles. Over the last decade, the spread of heritage tourism has brought about positive and negative changes in the tradition. It has also changed the attitude of local eagle hunters towards people and especially towards tourists. Since 2000, the establishment of the Golden Eagle Festival (Бүргэдийн наадам/ бүркіт той) has changed falconry from a way of hunting into something that provides demonstrations and entertainment for tourists. This research reports on the ambivalent situation of the Altaic Kazakh eagle hunters with (1) a survey of the attitudes of local eagle hunters in the Altai, Sagsai, Tolbo and Ulaanhus Sum (Counties), (2) interviews with the authorities concerned, and (3) ethnographic documentation based on participant observation. The research describes the role of the Golden Eagle Festival which has become the force for major changes in the Takuya Soma (相馬 拓也) Associate Researcher, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Germany Battulga Sukhee (Сүхээ Баттулга) Professor, School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, National University of Mongolia tradition of hunting with eagles. New eagle owners are coming on the scene while at the same time traditional hunting activities are almost disappearing. It seems that some eagle hunters now hold eagles without having any knowledge about taming and hunting. The local falconry culture is more complex than ever before and the hunters have various views of the situation. Finally, to focus on this cultural transition from ‘living tradition’ to ‘post-contextual culture’, this study sets out to identify criteria and create a master plan for the cultural sustainability of Altaic Kazakh falconry in order to conserve it as ‘on-going’ intangible cultural heritage.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Intangible Heritage
International Journal of Intangible Heritage HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
1.00
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16.70%
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