Assessing the height, width and other parameters of elliptical yarn cross-section through the thickness of orthogonal fabrics

This research focuses to assess the height, width, and other parameters of the elliptical yarn cross-section of woven fabrics through the new methodology. Hence this research studies the Elliptical Cross-Section of the yarn through the orthogonal fabric. Because in orthogonal fabric, the weft series stay straight. The samples of orthogonal weaves are produced using different counts of weft yarns. The thicknesses of orthogonal fabrics are estimated. The method of calculating the height of yarn from the thickness of the orthogonal fabric is evolved. The height of different counts of weft yarns used in weaving the orthogonal fabrics is calculated. From the height of the yarn, the width of the yarn is calculated. The height and width of the yarn are compared with the diameter. The comparison shows that the cross-section of the yarn remains elliptical in the fabric. The equations for calculating the flattening and bulging percentages are derived. It is observed that these two percentages are equal. It shows that when the yarn cross-section becomes elliptical in the fabric, the amount of flattening makes the yarn get bulge to the same amount in its width. The constant of height and constant of width are also derived. These constants are equated with the constants of diameter. The study also derived the equation to calculate the height and width of the elliptical cross-section of the given yarn count using the constants. The height, width, and diameter of different yarn counts are compared. The increase/decrease in flattening percentage between the coarser-finer yarns, single–2 ply yarns, and single-folded yarns are examined. It is suggested that the height and width of yarn assessed from the thickness are used to assess the other specifications viz. crimp percentage, cover percentage, and GSM of the fabrics.