中国海藻种闭塞过程的形态学研究

Zhaoxing Qiu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

海硅藻是一种常见的硅藻属,在世界各地的沿海水域具有高度的物种多样性。迄今为止,该属已报道的分类群近150个。海硅藻是纳米浮游植物组合的主要贡献者,因为大多数种类的细胞尺寸小于20 μm。以前,一些海硅藻被认为是中心硅藻和硅藻门的良好模式生物。人们对浮游动物的遗传、有性繁殖、摄食压力、对产卵、孵化的影响以及环境指标等方面进行了大量的研究。另一方面,一些海藻物种也是重要的水华成因生物。据报道,长江口和海南沿海地区分别发生了曲线藻华和双环藻华。由于细胞尺寸非常小,需要电子显微镜(EM)来准确识别。为了研究中国沿海海藻属的物种多样性和分布特征,在不同地点采集了海藻属的水样。利用扫描电子显微镜对这些样品中的海硅藻标本以及从天然样品中分离的几种克隆菌株进行了研究。所有样品均用卢戈溶液固定,经多次过夜浓缩至终体积约2 - 10ml。为了在扫描电镜下观察,取了子样品并进行了几个步骤的处理。首先,加入等量的浓H2SO4后,将样品放入水浴中煮沸约10-15分钟,去除有机物。其次,这些样品用蒸馏水冲洗几次以去除酸。然后,这些样品被金包裹,从而可以在扫描电子显微镜下观察,识别和拍照。过程的形态和模式,包括三种类型,即fultoportula,rimoportula和occluded process,是海硅藻种甚至某些底栖硅藻的主要分类特征。Fultoportula和rimoportula是所有海硅藻分类群中非常常见的结构,而闭塞过程仅在目前已知的150种海硅藻分类群中发现不超过20种。闭塞过程与其他两类过程的不同之处在于闭塞过程不穿透阀门,因此在阀门内部表面不存在闭塞过程的结构。以往关于中国沿海海assiassira物种具有闭塞过程的报道很少,并且几乎没有闭塞过程的EM照片。本研究共观察到5种海assiassira物种,它们分别是t.c adarkeyensis Prasad、t.c irica (Ehrenberg) Cleve、t.c irica (Ehrenberg) Cleve。lundiana Fryxell,T.punctigera(Castracane) Hasle和T.tubifera Fryxell。其中3种为中国新记录种:杉木;对这两种昆虫进行了详细的形态描述和习性分析。同时,对相似种进行了分类比较。讨论了过程模式的形态变化,并对其分类评价进行了分析。
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MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF OCCLUDED PROCESSES IN THALASSIOSIRA SPECIES FROM CHINA
Thalassiosira Cleve is a common diatom genus with high species diversity in coastal waters around the world.Till now,nearly one hundred and fifty taxa belonging to this genus have been reported.Thalassiosira is the main contributor to nano-phytoplankton assemblage because cell sizes of most species are below 20 μm.Previously,some Thalassiosira species were considered as good model organisms of centric diatoms and Bacillariophyta.Many studies concerning genetics,sexual reproduction,feeding pressure,impact on egg producing,hatching of zooplankton,and environmental indicator have been performed.On the other hand,some Thalassiosira species are also important bloom-causing organisms.Algal blooms induced by T.curviseriata and T.diporocyclus have been reported in the Changjiang River Estuary and coast of Hainan Province,respectively.Due to very small cell sizes,electron microscopy(EM) is needed for accurate identification.In order to characterize species diversity and distribution of the genus Thalassiosira along Chinese coastal waters,water samples were collected from different locations.Thalassiosira specimens within these samples as well as several clonal strains isolated from natural samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy.All samples were fixed with Lugo’s solution and were concentrated to a final volume about 2—10 mL by settling overnight for several times.For observation under scanning electron microscope,sub-samples were taken and treated in several steps.Firstly,after the same volume of concentrated H2SO4 was added,these samples were boiled in the water bath for about 10—15 minutes to remove organic materials.Secondly,these samples were rinsed with distilled water several times to rid the acid.Then,these samples were coated by gold and thus could be observed,identified,and photographed under scanning electron microscope.The morphology and pattern of processes,including three types,fultoportula,rimoportula and occluded process,are key taxonomic characteristics for Thalassiosira species,even for some pennatae diatoms.Fultoportula and rimoportula are very common structures in all Thalassiosira taxa,while occluded process is just found in no more than 20 taxa from presently known 150 reported Thalassiosira species.The different features between occluded process and other two types of process is that occluded process does not penetrate the valve,so there is no structure of occluded process on the internal valve face.Previous reports about Thalassiosira species with occluded processes from China coast were rare,and almost no EM photos of occluded processes have been provided.In present study,five Thalassiosira species with occluded processes were observed and they were T.cedarkeyensis Prasad,T.eccentrica(Ehrenberg) Cleve,T.lundiana Fryxell,T.punctigera(Castracane) Hasle and T.tubifera Fryxell.Three of them are newly recorded species for China,T.cedarkeyensis,T.punctigera and T.tubifera.The detailed morphological description and habits of these species were given.Meanwhile,the taxonomic comparison among resembling species were made.Morphological variations of process patterns were discussed and their taxonomic evaluations were analyzed.
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