COVID-19发病机制的表观遗传调控:对宿主免疫反应和疾病进展的影响

IF 0.9 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY AIMS Allergy and Immunology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.3934/allergy.2023005
Zinia Pervin, Anika Tasnim, Hasib Ahamed, Md Al Hasibuzzaman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)具有高度传染性,并可能诱发宿主免疫系统的表观遗传改变。了解表观遗传机制在COVID-19感染中的作用是临床需要,以尽量减少危重疾病和广泛传播。对COVID-19感染和进展的易感性因人而异;病理生理学基本上取决于免疫系统的表观遗传变化和先前存在的健康状况。最近的实验和流行病学研究已经揭示了与COVID-19发病机制相关的传播方式和临床表现,但感染严重程度变化的潜在病理仍存在疑问。表观遗传变化也可能是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2)感染患者多系统关联和致命性全身并发症的主要因素。通常,表观遗传改变是由宿主的免疫反应、应激、既往状况、氧化应激反应、外部行为或环境因素以及年龄的改变引起的。此外,病毒感染本身可能通过重编程表观遗传过程来操纵与炎症相关的宿主免疫反应,而表观遗传过程是疾病严重程度和死亡的易感因素。因此,组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化等表观遗传事件涉及通过重塑巨噬细胞和t细胞对炎症的活性来调节促炎细胞因子的产生,因此,也可能影响组织修复和损伤消退过程。本综述旨在讨论对COVID-19疾病进展的表观遗传学景观的全面理解,该景观因人而异,并支持跨学科预后方案,以克服系统性损害。
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Epigenetic regulation of the COVID-19 pathogenesis: its impact on the host immune response and disease progression
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious and may induce epigenetic alteration of the host immune system. Understanding the role of epigenetic mechanisms in COVID-19 infection is a clinical need to minimize critical illness and widespread transmission. The susceptibility to infection and progression of COVID-19 varies from person to person; pathophysiology substantially depends on epigenetic changes in the immune system and preexisting health conditions. Recent experimental and epidemiological studies have revealed the method of transmission and clinical presentation related to COVID-19 pathogenesis, however, the underlying pathology of variation in the severity of infection remains questionable. Epigenetic changes may also be responsible factors for multisystem association and deadly systemic complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. Commonly, epigenetic changes are evoked by alteration of the host's immune response, stress, preexisting condition, oxidative stress response, external behavioral or environmental factors, and age. In addition, the viral infection itself might manipulate the host immune responses associated with inflammation by reprogramming epigenetic processes which are the susceptible factor for disease severity and death. As a result, epigenetic events such as histone modification and DNA methylation are implicated in regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines production by remodeling macrophage and T-cell activity towards inflammation, consequently, may also affect tissue repair and injury resolution process. This review aims to discuss the comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic landscape of COVID-19 disease progression that varies from person to person with supporting interdisciplinary prognosis protocol to overcome systemic impairment.
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