人类、野生动物和畜牧业对跨界肯尼亚西部和乌干达东南部非洲人类锥虫病流行病学的影响

J. Rutto, O. Osano, V. Odenyo
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引用次数: 2

摘要

过去30多年来,肯尼亚西部和乌干达东南部报告了不同的非洲人类锥虫病发病率,后者记录的病例更多。在这里,我们描述了肯尼亚和乌干达跨界的社会经济、采采动态、畜牧业和环境问题之间的相互作用,以及它们如何决定非洲人类锥虫病(HAT)。在每个国家的两个地区进行了比较研究,即肯尼亚西部的特索和布西亚地区以及乌干达东南部的托罗罗和布西亚地区。此外,还在选定的村庄收集了牲畜数量和人口的原始数据。此外,对每个国家随机选择的384名户主或其代表进行了系统的结构化问卷调查。研究村人口密度、作物种植类型、牲畜数量和畜牧业对HAT的发生有影响。对牲畜预防性施用杀雷剂和局部施用杀虫剂可减少HAT的发病率。有HAT历史的村庄(69%)的野生动物丰度高于无HAT的村庄(35.5%)。被困在研究区域的苍白蝗完全从牛身上获取血液。因此,应将家畜饲养方法、野生动物和环境因素纳入采采蝇和锥虫病的控制之中。
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Influence of Human, Wildlife and Livestock Husbandry on Epidemiology of Human African Trypanosomiasis at the Transboundary of Western Kenya and Southeast Uganda
Western Kenya and Southeast Uganda have reported different Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) incidences in the past more than 3 decades with the latter recording more cases. Here, we describe interactions between socio-economics, tsetse dynamics, livestock husbandry and environmental issues at the transboundary of Kenya and Uganda and how they determine Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). Comparative studies were carried out in two districts of each country namely Teso and Busia Districts, of Western Kenya and Tororo and Busia Districts, of Southeast Uganda. In addition, primary data was collected in the selected villages for the livestock numbers and human population. Also structured questionnaire was administered systematically to 384 randomly selected household heads or their representatives in each country. Human population density and types of crops grown, livestock numbers and livestock husbandry in the study villages influenced the occurrence of HAT. Prophylactic administration of tyrpanocides and topical application of insecticides on livestock reduced incidence of HAT. Wildlife abundance was high in villages reporting a history of HAT (69%) than HAT free villages (35.5%). The Glossina pallidipes trapped in the study areas sourced their blood meal exclusively from cattle. Therefore livestock keeping practices, wildlife and environmental factors should be incorporated into tsetse and trypanosomiasis control.
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