Spectral asymptotics of Laplacians related to one-dimensional graph-directed self-similar measures with overlaps

For the class of graph-directed self-similar measures on R, which could have overlaps but are essentially of finite type, we set up a framework for deriving a closed formula for the spectral dimension of the Laplacians defined by these measures. For the class of finitely ramified graph-directed self-similar sets, the spectral dimension of the associated Laplace operators has been obtained by Hambly and Nyberg [6]. The main novelty of our results is that the graphdirected self-similar measures we consider do not need to satisfy the graph open set condition.