{"title":"扩展Belnap 2:深度双范畴","authors":"Andrew Craig, B. Davey, M. Haviar","doi":"10.52547/cgasa.2022.102443","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Bilattices, which provide an algebraic tool for simultaneously modelling knowledge and truth, were introduced by N.D. Belnap in a 1977 paper entitled 'How a computer should think'. Prioritised default bilattices include not only Belnap's four values, for `true' ($t$), `false'($f$), `contradiction' ($\\top$) and `no information' ($\\bot$), but also indexed families of default values for simultaneously modelling degrees of knowledge and truth. Prioritised default bilattices have applications in a number of areas including artificial intelligence. \nIn our companion paper, we introduced a new family of prioritised default bilattices, $\\mathbf J_n$, for $n \\in \\omega$, with $\\mathbf J_0$ being Belnap's seminal example. We gave a duality for the variety $\\mathcal V_n$ generated by $\\mathbf J_n$, with the objects of the dual category $\\mathcal X_n$ being multi-sorted topological structures. \nHere we study the dual category in depth. We give an axiomatisation of the category $\\mathcal X_n$ and show that it is isomorphic to a category $\\mathcal Y_n$ of single-sorted topological structures. The objects of $\\mathcal Y_n$ are Priestley spaces endowed with a continuous retraction in which the order has a natural ranking. We show how to construct the Priestley dual of the underlying bounded distributive lattice of an algebra in $\\mathcal V_n$ via its dual in $\\mathcal Y_n$; as an application we show that the size of the free algebra $\\mathbf F_{\\mathcal V_n}(1)$ is given by a polynomial in $n$ of degree $6$.","PeriodicalId":41919,"journal":{"name":"Categories and General Algebraic Structures with Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Expanding Belnap 2: the dual category in depth\",\"authors\":\"Andrew Craig, B. Davey, M. Haviar\",\"doi\":\"10.52547/cgasa.2022.102443\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Bilattices, which provide an algebraic tool for simultaneously modelling knowledge and truth, were introduced by N.D. Belnap in a 1977 paper entitled 'How a computer should think'. Prioritised default bilattices include not only Belnap's four values, for `true' ($t$), `false'($f$), `contradiction' ($\\\\top$) and `no information' ($\\\\bot$), but also indexed families of default values for simultaneously modelling degrees of knowledge and truth. Prioritised default bilattices have applications in a number of areas including artificial intelligence. \\nIn our companion paper, we introduced a new family of prioritised default bilattices, $\\\\mathbf J_n$, for $n \\\\in \\\\omega$, with $\\\\mathbf J_0$ being Belnap's seminal example. We gave a duality for the variety $\\\\mathcal V_n$ generated by $\\\\mathbf J_n$, with the objects of the dual category $\\\\mathcal X_n$ being multi-sorted topological structures. \\nHere we study the dual category in depth. We give an axiomatisation of the category $\\\\mathcal X_n$ and show that it is isomorphic to a category $\\\\mathcal Y_n$ of single-sorted topological structures. The objects of $\\\\mathcal Y_n$ are Priestley spaces endowed with a continuous retraction in which the order has a natural ranking. We show how to construct the Priestley dual of the underlying bounded distributive lattice of an algebra in $\\\\mathcal V_n$ via its dual in $\\\\mathcal Y_n$; as an application we show that the size of the free algebra $\\\\mathbf F_{\\\\mathcal V_n}(1)$ is given by a polynomial in $n$ of degree $6$.\",\"PeriodicalId\":41919,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Categories and General Algebraic Structures with Applications\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-12-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Categories and General Algebraic Structures with Applications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.52547/cgasa.2022.102443\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Categories and General Algebraic Structures with Applications","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.52547/cgasa.2022.102443","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilattices, which provide an algebraic tool for simultaneously modelling knowledge and truth, were introduced by N.D. Belnap in a 1977 paper entitled 'How a computer should think'. Prioritised default bilattices include not only Belnap's four values, for `true' ($t$), `false'($f$), `contradiction' ($\top$) and `no information' ($\bot$), but also indexed families of default values for simultaneously modelling degrees of knowledge and truth. Prioritised default bilattices have applications in a number of areas including artificial intelligence.
In our companion paper, we introduced a new family of prioritised default bilattices, $\mathbf J_n$, for $n \in \omega$, with $\mathbf J_0$ being Belnap's seminal example. We gave a duality for the variety $\mathcal V_n$ generated by $\mathbf J_n$, with the objects of the dual category $\mathcal X_n$ being multi-sorted topological structures.
Here we study the dual category in depth. We give an axiomatisation of the category $\mathcal X_n$ and show that it is isomorphic to a category $\mathcal Y_n$ of single-sorted topological structures. The objects of $\mathcal Y_n$ are Priestley spaces endowed with a continuous retraction in which the order has a natural ranking. We show how to construct the Priestley dual of the underlying bounded distributive lattice of an algebra in $\mathcal V_n$ via its dual in $\mathcal Y_n$; as an application we show that the size of the free algebra $\mathbf F_{\mathcal V_n}(1)$ is given by a polynomial in $n$ of degree $6$.
期刊介绍:
Categories and General Algebraic Structures with Applications is an international journal published by Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, free of page charges. It publishes original high quality research papers and invited research and survey articles mainly in two subjects: Categories (algebraic, topological, and applications in mathematics and computer sciences) and General Algebraic Structures (not necessarily classical algebraic structures, but universal algebras such as algebras in categories, semigroups, their actions, automata, ordered algebraic structures, lattices (of any kind), quasigroups, hyper universal algebras, and their applications.