无线传感器网络通信中高度相关时空环境的节能方法

Mohammad Abdul Azim, Z. Aung, S. Moad, N. Bouabdallah, M. E. Rivero-Angeles, Israel Leyva-Mayorga
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引用次数: 4

摘要

自然现象的连续监测(CM)是无线传感器网络(WSNs)应用的主要方向之一,其中聚集和聚类技术是有益的,因为被感知现象在空间和时间方面的相关性占主导地位。相反,在事件驱动报告(Event Driven Reporting, EDR)中,与某些预定义告警案例相关的敏感数据的高效传输非常重要。因此,报告延迟是一个更重要的性能参数。然而,在一些应用中,CM和EDR数据的传输是被鼓励的,甚至是被要求的。对于CM或EDR应用程序,如果要传输的数据包数量和数据包大小都减少,则可以大大提高系统性能。这对于高度密集的传感器网络来说尤其如此,在这种网络中,许多节点检测到被感知现象的相同值。在此基础上,本文重点研究和提出压缩技术,以提高CM和EDR应用程序在能耗和报告延迟方面的系统性能。此外,我们将分析扩展到同时需要CM和EDR的混合网络。具体地说,本文提出了一种用于CM应用的简单聚合技术——智能聚合(SAG)和事件驱动的空间相关区域压缩聚类(CC_SCR)方案。所提出的SAG利用了空间和时间相关性,而CC_SCR通过数据压缩利用了这些网络的空间相关性。通过仿真比较了所提出的SAG与k-hop聚合和基于CM的事件驱动报告(CMEDR)方案的能源效率,从而获得了合理的发展。CC_SCR实验结果表明,该技术可以显著降低能耗。在某些特定的情况下,与经典的聚类方案相比,减少了10倍以上。通过CM基础设施传输事件报告的两种不同策略被合并:PER和NPER协议。这两种策略都利用了基于集群的体系结构,该体系结构为CM数据传输分配TDMA调度,同时使用NP/CSMA传输事件信息。因此,不会为单独的事件集群消耗额外的能量。这样,要传输的数据包数量就大大减少了。
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Energy-Efficient Methods for Highly Correlated Spatio-Temporal Environments in Wireless Sensor Network Communications
Continuous-monitoring (CM) of natural phenomenon is one of the major streams of applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where aggregation and clustering techniques are beneficial as correlation dominates in both spatial and temporal aspects of sensed phenomenon. Conversely, in Event Driven Reporting (EDR), the efficient transmission of sensitive data related to some predefined alarm cases is of major importance. As such, reporting latency is a more important performance parameter. However, in some applications, the transmission of both CM and EDR data is encouraged or even required. For either CM or EDR applications, system performance can be greatly improved when both the number of packets to be transmitted as well as the packet size is reduced. This is especially true for highly dense sensor networks where many nodes detect the same values for the sensed phenomenon. Building on this, this paper focuses on studying and proposing compression techniques to improve the system performance in terms of energy consumption and reporting latency in both CM and EDR applications. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to hybrid networks where CM and EDR are required simultaneously. Specifically, this paper presents a simple aggregation technique named smart aggregation (SAG) for the CM applications and an event driven scheme named compression cluster scheme in spatial correlated region (CC_SCR). The proposed SAG exploits both spatial and temporal correlations where CC_SCR exploits the spatial correlation of such networks by data compression. Rationalizing the developments is attained by simulations that compare energy efficiency of the proposed SAG with k-hop aggregation and CM based event driven reporting (CMEDR) schemes. Results of CC_SCR show that the technique may reduce the energy consumption drastically. In some specific cases the reduction becomes more than 10 times compared to a classical clustering scheme. Two different strategies for the transmission of event reports through the CM infrastructure are incorporated: PER and NPER protocols. Both strategies take advantage of the cluster-based architecture which assigns a TDMA schedule for the CM data transmission while using NP/CSMA for the transmission of the event information. Consequently, no extra energy is consumed for separate event clusters. As such, the number of packets to be transmitted is greatly reduced.
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