Disputes over provisioned resources are no more intense between groups than within groups in free-ranging Sapajus libidinosus.

Socioecological models predict that disputes between primate groups will be more intense than those within groups, given that the systematic loss of contests over a given resource will restrict the access of all of the members of that group to that resource. Higher levels of aggression are also expected for provisioned resources that have a more lucrative cost:benefit ratio. The levels of aggression in and between two free-ranging tufted capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) groups in the context of daily provisioning with bananas were evaluated. The aim of a complementary analysis was to identify possible predictors of the frequency of disputes at the site of the provisioned resource. The disputes were recorded using all-events sampling, while the social behaviour of the study groups was recorded by instantaneous scan sampling. The data were analysed using t-test, Mann-Whitney's U, and generalised linear modelling. Between-group disputes were no more intense than within-group events, and did not involve more individuals, or more adult females. The frequency of disputes increased as the number of individuals eating bananas increased. No evidence was found that disputes between groups were any more intense than those within groups. Dominance patterns may have affected these findings, by mediating intergroup disputes. An increase in the number of competitors affected the frequency of disputes at the site of the provisioned resource.