A GIS-based assessment of active tectonics from morphometric parameters and geomorphic indices of Assam Region, India

Assam region is mainly formed by the deposit and erosion process of the Brahmaputra River. The frequency of seismic events results in landform deformation, which highly influences the drainage basin pattern and causes drainage anomalies, having a subsequent effect on the flood distribution pattern. In the present study, morphometric parameters and geomorphic indices for the Assam region are derived from SRTM DEM data of 30 m resolution using GIS to characterize the tectonic activity, which in turn influences the drainage pattern. The indices are classified into three tectonic activity classes, and the average of the classes is combined to generate the indices of relative active tectonics (IRAT). The four classes of IRAT are defined for the study area as (i) very high; Class 1 (1.57–1.80), (ii) high; Class 2 (1.81–2.06), (iii) moderate; Class 3 (2.07–2.26), and (iv) low; Class 4 (2.27–2.30). Class 1 corresponds to basins 1 and 6. Basins 2, 4, and 5 fall under Class 2. Class 3 consists of basins 7, 8, and 9, and Class 4 comprises basins 3 and 10. Results show that most of the study area lies in very high to moderate active tectonic zones and the identified zones are consistent with significant faults and thrusts present in the basins. The combined approach of GIS-based morphometric and geomorphic study allows for identifying deformed landforms resulting from active tectonics. The results can also be employed for the development of watershed management and sustainable land use planning.