Evaluation of the Herbicidal Efficiency of The Newly Formulated Urea Citrate As 20 % Soluble Liquid Under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions

Urea citrate was synthesized using standard procedure, and its effect on the germination, root and shoot growth of wheat and radish as models for mono and dicotyledonous plants were examined under laboratory conditions. It effectively inhibited the growth of radish roots and shoots; its respective EC 50 values for root and shoot growth was 91.4 and 48.5 ppm. It was formulated as 20% soluble concentrate (SL) and tested in accordance with guidelines established by the WHO and FAO for soluble concentrate formulations, it passed all tests successfully. The formulation was then tested on radish under greenhouse conditions using serial concentrations. It demonstrated a very noticeable effect that appeared as yellowing, dryness, and shrinkage with all concentrations related to exposure periods, and all plants died entirely after 96 hours from treatment in comparison to control.