小气候避难所:牧场模拟与经验近地表温度的比较

Q3 Social Sciences Human Geographies Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI:10.3390/geographies3020018
R. B. Srygley, Jacob I. Dixon, P. D. Lorch
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微生境可以提供影响物种地理范围变化的热生态位,并为农业地区的病虫害和有益昆虫提供避难所。微生境的空间分布受地形的影响,地形可以影响动物种群的局部灭绝和重新定居。将局部温度依赖过程转换为人口扩张和收缩的区域尺度,需要对近地表温度的生物物理模型进行验证。我们在美国犹他州南部和北部两个地区的25个地点分别测量了地上和地下2.5厘米的温度。使用NichMapR 3.2.0版本,我们对这些相同地点的温度进行了模拟,前者为4年,后者为8年。实际气温与模拟气温的平均差异为7.4℃,土壤温度的差异较小(平均4.4℃)。在25 m距离或土壤参数上增加特定地点的山丘遮阳并没有提高经验温度和模拟温度的一致性。当积雪深度超过3 cm时,考虑0 cm深度土壤温度的空气温度混合模型平均改善了8%,最高可达31%。了解区域尺度和预测未来气候的生物过程将继续需要生物物理建模。为了实现尽可能广泛的应用,生物物理模型(如NichMapR)需要用来自各种高度、纬度、土壤类型和地形的经验数据进行验证,这些地形是生物目前居住的地方,也是它们未来可能扩展的范围。
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Microclimate Refugia: Comparing Modeled to Empirical Near-Surface Temperatures on Rangeland
Microhabitats can provide thermal niches that affect geographic range shifts of species as the climate changes and provide refuges for pest and beneficial insect populations in agricultural regions. The spatial distribution of microhabitats is influenced by topography that can influence local extinction and recolonization by animal populations. Scaling local temperature-dependent processes to a regional scale of population expansion, and contraction requires the validation of biophysical models of near surface temperatures. We measured temperature at 2.5 cm above and below ground at 25 sites in each of the two regions: southern and northern Utah, USA. Using NichMapR version 3.2.0, we modeled the temperature at these same sites with local slopes and aspects for four years for the former and eight years for the latter region. Empirical and modeled air temperatures differed by 7.4 °C, on average, and soil temperatures differed less (4.4 °C, on average). Site-specific additions of hill shading at 25 m distance or soil parameters did not improve the agreement of the empirical and modeled temperatures. A hybrid model for air temperature that incorporated soil temperature at 0 cm depth when snow depth exceeded 3 cm resulted in an average improvement of 8% that was as great as 31%. Understanding biological processes at the regional scale and in projected future climates will continue to require biophysical modeling. To achieve the widest applications possible, biophysical models such as NichMapR need to be validated with empirical data from as wide a variety of altitudes, latitudes, soil types, and topographies wherein organisms currently inhabit and where their ranges might expand to in the future.
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来源期刊
Human Geographies
Human Geographies Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
7
审稿时长
8 weeks
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