Temporomandibular disorders: An updated review

A group of conditions related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is called as “temporomandibular disorder” (TMD). Several attempts were made to classify TMD based on the frequency of occurrence, etiology, and anatomy, but they have had some shortfalls, and one mostly accepted is diagnostic criteria/TMD classification. TMD is a group of clinical problems; it involves either TMJ or its associated structures separately or combination. Any factor that affects one part of the system is likely to have an impact on the other parts also, so it is essential to approach carefully when considering likely signs and symptoms of TMD. About 20%–30% of the adult populations are affected to some degree of TMD, and it is predominately affected young and middle-aged adults. The prevalence rate of TMD problems twice common in females than the males. The etiology of TMD is inconclusive, and now, it has been accepted that multiple factors play a role in TMD. Since it is multifactorial, treatment should be planned according to that and varies patient to patient. Majority of the patients having mild-to-moderate TMD and conservative treatment approach over surgery results in satisfactory outcomes. The aim of this review is to evaluate the recent updates and propose solutions for patients with TMD.