荧光微球法技术在上盐湖油田水平井中的实际应用:方法、技术和途径的有效性

Ya.G. Gorbachev, D. Chaplygin, D. Khamadaliev, Viktor Yashnev, Igor Novikov, K. Ovchinnikov, A. Katashov, E. Malyavko, K. Saprykina, Vasily Kiselev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

水力压裂技术的发展始于单次作业,目前已成为提高油井产能和管理油田开发的最有效工具。如果没有水力压裂方法的应用,许多油田都不会成功投产。例如,在美国,水力压裂技术几乎无处不在,这使得可采储量的份额增加了25-30%。我国第一次水力压裂是在1952年进行的。在这之后的几年里,这类作品的数量有所增加,但随后又有所下降。这是由于西伯利亚西部大型油田的工业发展。水力压裂技术的应用于20世纪80年代恢复,并一直稳步发展(Usachev, 1986)。水平钻井技术目前正以相当快的速度发展,这需要提高穿透地层特定部分的精度。多级水力压裂主要用于提高井的流量。预计在2019-2020年,水平钻井的份额将达到46-50%,这是由于东西伯利亚新油田的密集开发计划(图1)。图1 2008-2026年俄罗斯使用水平和控制定向钻井完成的井数动态(事实和预测)。自2008年以来,俄罗斯水平钻井占总产量的比例稳步上升(图2),这表明当今生产公司的技术方法发生了质的变化。图2 2008-2026年俄罗斯生产钻井吞吐量动态(事实与预测),百万m.使用电动离心泵(ESP)将地球物理设备运送到水平井段进行水平井生产测井,需要技术解决方案。现有的y型工具技术允许将地球物理设备下放到连续油管系统中,从而绕过靠近作业模式的ESP系统,但这将使完井成本增加25%。随着常规的水平井生产测井方法如PLT测井,越来越多的石油公司开始应用基于标记技术的创新方法。该方法应用的流量指标能够连续数年跟踪每个相的流入井中。本文的目的是描述使用荧光微球法的结果,考虑到它们长期用于估计水平井水力压裂每个端口的流入结构。这有助于用户在试验开发阶段避免高风险和昂贵的井下作业。标记是单分散的聚合物球,包含每个水力压裂阶段的独特代码。当支撑剂表面有水流或油流时,只有相对应的标记物才会被释放。在完成井中的所有工作后,它将进入计划的操作模式。在此之后,从井口进行地层流体取样。一个专门的实验室对样品进行分析,以确定每种代码的标记浓度。使用标记支撑剂对该井进行了连续数年的生产测井。在分析对比数据的基础上,设计了地层流体沿水平井的流入剖面。长期生产测井将允许对每个水力压裂阶段的增产效果进行长期分析,并有助于评估储层部分的储量。与传统方法相比,该技术的主要优点之一是能够在不需要特殊仪器输送的情况下获得层段作业数据。因此,该技术将井下设备卡死的风险降至最低,并且不会在数据解释中产生歧义。标记生产测井技术以其良好的性能得到了市场的肯定。注入指示剂的放置在水力裂缝中进行,从而确保指示剂颗粒与地层流体的水相和油相长期选择性相互作用。通过分析获得的流入剖面信息有助于制定有效的地质和技术措施,并提高油气开采系数。
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Practical Application of the Fluorescent Microspheres Method Technology in Horizontal Wells of the Upper Salym Oil Field: Efficiency of the Method, Technology and Approach
The development of hydraulic fracturing technology began with single operations and is currently the most effective tool for increasing the productivity of wells and managing field development. Without the application of the hydraulic fracturing method, many fields would not have been successfully put into operation. For example, in the USA, hydraulic fracturing technology is used almost everywhere, which enabled an increase in the share of recoverable reserves by 25-30%. The first hydraulic fracturing in our country was carried out in 1952. After this, the number of such works increased for several years, but then declined. This was due to the industrial development of large oil fields in Western Siberia. The application of hydraulic fracturing technology was resumed in the 1980s and has been growing steadily ever since (Usachev, 1986). Horizontal drilling technologies are currently developing at a fairly rapid pace, which entails an increase in the accuracy of penetrating a given part of the formation. Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is primarily used in the well to increase the flow rate. It is expected that in the perspective of 2019-2020, the share of horizontal drilling will reach 46-50%, which is due to plans for the intensive development of new fields in Eastern Siberia (Figure 1). Figure 1Dynamics of the number of wells completed using horizontal and controlled directional drilling in Russia in 2008–2026 (fact and forecast), units There has been a steady increase in the share of horizontal drilling with the total volume of production in Russia since 2008 (Figure 2). This indicates qualitative changes in the technological approaches of today's production companies. Figure 2Dynamics of throughput volume in production drilling in Russia in 2008–2026 (fact and forecast), mln. m. Technical solutions are required for the delivery of geophysical equipment to the horizontal section of the well for horizontal wells production logging using an electric centrifugal pump (ESP). The existing Y-tool technology allows for lowering the geophysical equipment to the coiled tubing system, therefore bypassing the ESP system in close proximity to well operation mode, but this increases the well completion cost by 25%. Along with the conventional methods of horizontal wells production logging such as PLT logging, oil producing companies are increasingly beginning to apply innovative methods based on marker technology. This method applies the flow indicators that are able to trace the flow of each phase into the well separately and continuously for several years. The objective of this article is to describe the results of using the fluorescent microsphere method, taking into account their long-term use for estimating the inflow structure from each port of hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells. This helps users to avoid risky and costly downhole operations at the pilot development stage. Markers are monodisperse polymer spheres containing their unique code for each hydraulic fracturing stage. In the presence of a stream of water or oil over the surface of the proppant, only markers corresponding to their phase are released. Upon completion of all the works in the well, it is put in the planned mode of operation. After this, sampling of the formation fluid from the wellhead is performed. A specialized laboratory analyzes the samples to determine the concentration of markers for each code. Production logging of the well with the application of marked proppant is carried out continuously for several years. The inflow profiles of the formation fluid along the horizontal well were designed on the basis of data obtained by analytical comparison. Long-term production logging will allow for a long-term analysis of the effectiveness of stimulation for each of the hydraulic fracturing stages and will aid in assessing the reservoir section's reserves. One of the main advantages of this technology compared to traditional methods is the ability to obtain data on the intervals operation without requiring special means of instrument delivery. As a result, the technology minimizes the risk of downhole equipment getting stuck and is not subject to ambiguity in data interpretation. The technology of marker production logging has received confirmation throughout the market based on its performance. The placement of inflow indicators was carried out in the hydraulic fractures, thereby ensuring the long-term selective interaction of marker particles with the water and oil phases of the formation fluid. Information on the inflow profile obtained as a result of the analysis allows for planning effective geological and technical measures and leads to an increase in the hydrocarbon extraction coefficient.
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Practical Application of the Fluorescent Microspheres Method Technology in Horizontal Wells of the Upper Salym Oil Field: Efficiency of the Method, Technology and Approach Evolution of Horizontal Wells Production Logging Using Markers Successful Implementation of Managed Pressure Drilling Technology Under the Conditions of Catastrophic Mud Losses in the Kuyumbinskoe Field Completion Design Optimization for Unconventional Wells Using Large Scale Computational Science Assessing Efficiency of Multiwell Retrospective Testing MRT in Analysis of Cross-Well Interference and Prediction of Formation and Bottom- Hole Pressure Dynamics
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