Main Principles and Foreign Approaches to the Study of the Relationship between Diffusion of Innovation and Economic Growth

The modern economic theory gives diffusion of innovation and full-scale innovation activity a special stimulating role as one of the additional sources of economic growth in the region. In her monograph "Diffusion of European innovations in Russia" E.V. Alekseeva writes "...The transfer and diffusion of the most important innovations from one country to another is a working paradigm of the theory of modernization..." [Alexeyeva, 2007]. Within the framework of this work, diffusion of innovations is defined as the import and distribution of innovations in the society with direct contact of participants of interaction between the spheres of science, education and innovations. Or indirectly through various means of information transfer". The essence of the diffusion of innovation lies in the diffusion of the innovative product into the consumption environment due to the unsaturated nature of the product, as is the case, for example, with the spread of molecules of one gas into a volume with a lower concentration, up to the equalization of concentrations. Previously, the problems were considered by other authors for the case of quantitative assessment of the impact of costs on R&D and technological innovation, their flows in space on the economic growth of the regions of Russia, the leading countries of the European Union. In addition to the classical objectives of economic growth, many scientists have recently focused their attention on empirical modelling of regional growth based on innovation. The theory of diffusion of innovation and knowledge flows is important in itself as a section of the general theory of the relationship between economic growth and innovation activity and as a section of modern economic theory with numerous applications in mechanics, physics, biology, geography and other natural science disciplines. The theory of diffusion of innovations and knowledge flows aims to explain the speed and breadth of various product and process innovations in society. The urgent task of the transition from a resource-based economy to industrial development is to increase innovation activity. The active and special decisive role in this can be played by the flow of knowledge between the regions - as the general economic conditions of economic growth in Kazakhstan.