Pharmaceutical Atrial-Ventricular Optimization in Diastolic Dysfunction: A Clinical Concept Application of Materials Engineering To Myocardial Pathophysiology

The cardiac cycle can be divided into two main phases: ventricular contraction (systole) and ventricular relaxation (diastole), at both a macroscopic (Atria and Ventricular) and microscopic level (Actin: Myosin myofilament) [1]. A novel model is elucidated in this paper incorporating the principles of biomechanics, physiology, anatomy and electrophysiology to clinically redefine diastology. The ventricular diastolic phase divided into sub phases. During normal electrophysiological and hemodynamic conditions, the ventricular diastolic phase starts with the closure of the ventricular outflow tract valves (aortic and pulmonic) (S2). One of the three possible intraventricular diastolic vacuum phases follows known as the isovolumic relaxation phase (IVRT). Once the atrio-ventricular valves open, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles passively (producing the e wave) with subsequent active filling of the ventricles with atria contraction (producing the a wave).