尼日利亚贝努埃州选定水稻农场土壤和水稻样品中二氯二苯三氯乙烷残留的风险评估

O. J. Okechukwu, Okeke Abuchi Princewill
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摘要

这项工作调查了从贝努埃州Otukpo农田地区收集的土壤和水稻样本中二氯二苯三氯乙烷(DDT)残留的水平。从农田收集了10个土壤样本和5个不同种类的水稻样本,以确定滴滴涕残留的浓度。采用标准分析方法测定了样品的一些理化参数(pH、总有机碳、水分含量和阳离子交换量)。收集的样品经过仔细的提取和清理后,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析总二氯二苯三氯乙烷的残留。通过确定危害指数进行风险评价。理化分析结果显示,土壤样品的平均pH值为6.2,显示轻微的酸性,而大米的平均pH值为7.34,接近中性,在世界卫生组织可接受的限度内。土壤总有机碳(TOC)平均值为14.57%,阳离子交换容量平均值为7.85 meq/100g。滴滴涕在土壤中的平均浓度为10.5 mg/kg,在水稻中的平均浓度为3.41 mg/kg,高于EU/WHO和MRL推荐的0.1 mg/kg和0.05 mg/kg。本研究采用的危害指数表明,除了儿童危害指数大于1的水稻品种外,其他水稻品种适合食用。根据国家标准所分析的土壤中滴滴涕的污染水平被认为对作物生产有毒,但分析表明,土壤对作物的滴滴涕吸收水平很低,这使得种植的水稻适合食用。
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Risk Assessment of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Residues in Soil and Rice Samples Harvested in Selected Rice Farms of Benue State, Nigeria
This work investigates the level of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues in soil and rice samples collected from Otukpo farmland area of Benue State. Ten soil samples and five different species of rice samples were collected from the farmlands to determine the concentration of DDT residues. Standard analytical methods were employed for the determination of some physicochemical parameters (pH, total organic carbon, moisture content and cation exchange capacity) of the samples. Collected samples were analyzed for residues of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after careful extraction and cleanup. Risk assessment was carried out by determining the hazard indices. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that the mean pH value of soil samples is 6.2 indicating slight acidity as compared to rice 7.34 which is approximately neutral and within WHO acceptable limits. The mean total organic carbon (TOC) value is 14.57% while the mean cation exchange capacity is 7.85 meq/100g in soil. DDT was detected with average concentration of 10.5 mg/kg in soil and 3.41 mg/kg in rice which is above the EU/WHO and MRL recommended rate of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg. Harzard indices employed in this research shows that rice species are fit for consumption with the exception of those with Hazard Index level greater than one in children. The contamination levels of DDT in the analyzed soil based on national standards are considered toxic for crop production but analysis shows that the uptake level of DDT from soil to crop is very low which makes the rice cultivaled fit for consumption.
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