萨特的自由主义及其具体自由主义思想

Daniel Shifare Weldeyohannes, Dr. Sabas Kimani, Rev. Dr. John Muhenda
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摘要

在哲学的舞台上,自由从古代就开始被讨论。托马斯·霍布斯、约翰·洛克、让·雅克·卢梭和约翰·斯瓦特·密尔等政治哲学家都研究过这个问题。他们从政治角度来处理它,认为它具有政治目的和手段。在当代世界,人们不仅从政治角度看待自由,而且从哲学和概念的理解来看,自由也是政治的基础。本文通过描述和分析的方法来展示萨特自由主义与社会的相关性。它显示了自由作为实践自由原则的本体论理解。本体论自由被认为是本体(物质)自由的基础,也是社会自由的基础。然而,萨特对具体自由主义的理解对于社会自由来说是不够的。因此,文章的结论是,应该有跨社会政治的自由。
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Sartrean Freedom and his Idea of Concrete Liberalism
In the philosophical arena, freedom has been tackled beginning from the ancient period. It has been tackled by political philosophers like Thomas Hobbes, John Lock, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and John Swart Mill. They dealt with it from a political perspective as having political ends and means. In the contemporary world, freedom is seen not only from a political view but also from a philosophical and conceptual understanding as fundamental to politics as well. This article through descriptive and analytical methods shows the relevance of Sartrean freedom to society. It shows the ontological understanding of freedom as a principle for practical freedom. Ontological freedom was seen as basic for ontic (material) freedom and so for social freedom as well. However, Sartre’s understanding of concrete liberalism was not enough for social freedom. Therefore, the article concludes that there should be trans-socio-political freedom.
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