光子腔间强耦合

Xiang Wei
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摘要

自20世纪90年代以来,随着计算机性能的显著提高,人们从理论上和实验上发现了许多有趣的光子晶体特性。例如,在2000年代发现了光子晶体腔之间的强耦合;许多小组已经成功地制造了这些空腔,并用硅实验验证了强耦合。在本文中,我们提出了用氧化铟锡(ITO)薄层制备光子晶体的新结果,而不是使用硅。与硅相比,ITO并不是制造光子晶体的理想材料,因为其相对较低的折射率和有限的透明度。然而,它是一个有趣的模型材料的实验在光电发射电子显微镜(PEEM)。ITO具有高导电性,在电子显微镜下可以减轻表面带电,并且在可见光的双光子吸收后允许电子发射。我们之所以对PEEM感兴趣,是因为它能够以纳米分辨率(即低于光学衍射极限)可视化光的传播。本文利用时域有限差分(FDTD)软件对ITO光子晶体进行了一维和二维的理论研究。我们用一种可以直接与实验PEEM结果相比较的方式来分析电磁场分布。我们还模拟了相邻空腔之间的强耦合效应,并用经典振子模型对其进行了说明。
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Strong Coupling Between Photonic Cavities
As the performance of computers has improved dramatically since the 1990s, many interesting photonic crystal properties have been theoretically and experimentally discovered. For example, the strong coupling between photonic crystal cavities was revealed in the 2000s; many groups have successfully fabricated these cavities and verified strong coupling experimentally using silicon. In this thesis, instead of using silicon, we present new results on photonic crystals made by thin indium tin oxide (ITO) layers. Compared to silicon, ITO is not an ideal material to make a photonic crystal because of its comparatively low refractive index and limited transparency. However, it is an interesting model material for experiments in photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). ITO has a high conductivity that mitigates surface charge-up in an electron microscope and allows electron emission after 2-photon absorption with visible light. We are interested in PEEM because it enables the visualization of the propagation of light with nanometer resolution, i.e., below the optical diffraction limit. In this thesis, we theoretically study ITO photonic crystals in one or two-dimensions with the help of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) software. We analyze the electromagnetic field distribution in a manner that the field distributions can directly be compared to experimental PEEM results. We also simulate the strong coupling effect between neighboring cavities and illustrate it in terms of the classical oscillator model.
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