在植物组织原粘连蛋白复合体中,鼠李糖半乳糖酸位点主要链断裂的酶系统

IF 2.4 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI:10.21323/2618-9771-2023-6-2-188-201
V. Kondratenko, T. Kondratenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物组织原胶复合物结构的特殊特征表明,为了实现果胶的工业生产,有必要对鼠李糖半乳糖酸聚合物链结构中的某些糖苷键进行点破坏。这些链包括同型半乳糖醛酸位点和分支区。由于原蛋白复合物的同半乳糖醛酸片段承担主要的功能负荷,鼠李糖和半乳糖醛酸残基之间的糖苷键是靶向键。对于它们的定向破坏,使用具有裂解酶和水解酶作用的酶是最方便的。本文对鼠李糖半乳糖酸主链酶解酶和水解酶的分子特性进行了综述。本文从糖苷键破坏机理和分子结构两方面对裂解酶和水解酶进行了系统分析。结果表明,分类数据相互交叉,每个家族可以包含一个或几个酶群。综述表明,裂解酶和水解酶的主要结构差异在于裂解酶的组成中必须存在Ca2+阳离子。这些阳离子参与酶分子构象的稳定,并在催化过程中本身阻断半乳糖醛酸的残留物。Ca2+阳离子在目标水解酶的组成中不存在。裂解酶的分子特异性决定了其催化活性对系统中Ca2+阳离子存在的敏感性。超过一定浓度可产生拮抗作用。关于水解酶,没有明确的概念。综述表明,有必要研究评估基质中阳离子的初步部分去除便利性的方法。
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Enzyme systems for fragmentation of the rhamnogalacturonan sites main chains in plant tissue protopectin complex
Special features of the protopectin complex structure of plant tissue suggest the necessity of performing point destruction of certain glycoside bonds in the structure of rhamnogalacturonan polymer chains for industrial production of pectin. These chains include homogalacturonan sites and branching zones. As the homogalacturonan fragments of the protopectin complex carry the main functional load, glycoside bonds between residues of rhamnose and galacturonic acid are targeted bonds. For their directional destruction, it is most expedient to use enzymes of lyase and hydrolase action. The aim of this review is to systemize notions of molecular specific features of enzymes of lyase and hydrolase action that catalyze the process of enzymatic destruction of the rhamnogalacturonan main chain. The paper examines systematics of lyase and hydrolase enzymes by mechanism of destruction of glycoside bonds and by molecular structure. It is shown that the classification data intercross, as a result, each family can include one or several enzyme groups. The review shows the main structural difference of enzymes of lyase and hydrolase action that consists in the obligatory presence of Ca2+ cations in the composition of lyase enzymes. These cations take part in stabilization of conformation of the enzyme molecule and in the catalytic process per se blocking the residue of galacturonic acid. Ca2+ cations are absent in the composition of targeted hydrolase enzymes. Molecular specific features of lyase enzymes determine sensitivity of their catalytic activity to the presence of Ca2+ cations in the system. Exceeding certain concentration can lead to the antagonistic effect. There is no unambiguous idea of this regarding hydrolase enzymes. The review demonstrates the necessity of studying approaches to assessment of expediency of preliminary partial removal of cations from the substrate.
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来源期刊
Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems
Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
7.70%
发文量
73
期刊介绍: Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems is devoted to the rapidly emerging fields of agroecology and food system sustainability. By linking scientific inquiry and productive practice with transformative social action, agroecology provides a foundation for developing the alternative food systems of the future. The journal focuses on the changes that need to occur in the design and management of our food systems in order to balance natural resource use and environmental protection with the needs of production, economic viability, food security, and the social well-being of all people. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems examines our current food systems from production to consumption, and the urgent need to transition to long-term sustainability. The journal promotes the study and application of agroecology for developing alternatives to the complex problems of resource depletion, environmental degradation, a narrowing of agrobiodiversity, continued world hunger, consolidation and industrialization of the food system, climate change, and the loss of farm land. The journal uses a food systems approach, and seeks experiences in agroecology that are on-farm, participatory, change-oriented, and backed by broad-based methodologies of sustainability analysis and evaluation.
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