天然裂缝性地热储层温度动态数值研究及储层表征与开发分析方法

Cao Wei, Shiqing Cheng, Bin Jiang, Ruilian Gao, Yang Wang, Jiayi Song, Haiyang Yu
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引用次数: 1

摘要

从天然裂缝性地热储层中开采中低温流体是开发地热能源的重要途径。为了提高开发效率,压力分析是这类油藏最常用的特征分析方法。然而,压力反演容易导致非唯一性,无法估计热性质。此外,尚无可靠的地热储层开发潜力评价方法。为了缩小这一差距,本研究旨在研究地温行为,探索适合地热储层表征和开发潜力评价的分析方法。同时建立了数值模型和解析模型来分析其温度行为。我们的模型考虑了J-T效应(μJT)、绝热热膨胀/压缩效应(η)、储层损伤、粘性耗散、热传导和对流效应。解决方案的发展取决于这样一个事实,即可以忽略储层温度变化对瞬态压力的影响,从而可以解耦压力和能量方程。首先基于Kazemi模型计算储层压力场,然后利用所得压力场求解能量平衡方程。对数值解进行了验证,发现数值解与解析解吻合较好。研究表明,当储层温度发生显著变化时,常用的恒定μJT和η假设会产生不准确的温度结果。此外,我们发现温度行为表现为三种热径向流型(HRFR)和一种具有v型特征的热孔隙间流型。根据这一特征,可以估算出裂缝储热比和基质热孔间系数,进而评价地热开发潜力。我们的工作还表明,温度数据可以提供传统压力分析无法提供的信息。当储层受到破坏时,温度导数曲线呈现“驼峰”特征。温度数据可以表征表皮带半径和渗透率。除此之外,还可以估算出J-T系数、有效绝热膨胀系数和孔隙率等性能。最后,首次提出了利用温度和压力数据分析来描述天然裂缝性地热储层的集成工作流程。通过仿真测试实例说明了该方法的适用性。
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Numerical Study on the Temperature Behavior in Naturally Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs and Analysis Methodology for Geothermal Reservoir Characterization and Development
An important way to develop geothermal energy is by producing low-medium temperature fluids from naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs. Pressure analysis is the most used to characterize such reservoirs for improving development efficiency. However, pressure inversion easily leads to non-uniqueness and cannot estimate thermal properties. Additionally, no reliable methods are proposed to evaluate the development potential of geothermal reservoirs. To narrow the gap, this study aims at studying the temperature behaviors and exploring suitable analysis method for characterizing geothermal reservoir and evaluating development potential. The numerical and analytical models are simultaneously established to analyze the temperature behaviors. Our models account for the J-T effect (μJT), adiabatic heat expansion/compression effect (η), reservoir damage, viscous dissipation, heat conduction and convection effects. The solution's development is dependent on the fact that the effects of reservoir temperature changes on transient pressure can be ignored so that the pressure and energy equations can be decoupled. We firstly compute reservoir pressure field based on Kazemi model, then use this obtained pressure field to solve the energy-balance equations. The numerical solution is verified and is found to be in good agreement with the proposed analytical solutions. This work shows that the most used constant μJT and η assumption will produce inaccurate temperature results when reservoir temperature changes significantly. Moreover, we find that temperature behaviors can exhibit three heat radial flow regimes (HRFR) and a heat inter-porosity regime with V-shape characteristic. Fracture thermal storativity ratio and matrix heat inter-porosity coefficient defined in this study can be estimated from this characteristic, which are further used to evaluate geothermal development potential. Our work also shows that temperature data can give information that would not be provided by conventional pressure analysis. The temperature derivative curve will show ‘hump’ characteristic if reservoir is damaged. The temperature data can characterize the skin-zone radius and permeability. More than that, the properties such as J-T coefficient, effective adiabatic heat expansion coefficient and porosity can be estimated. Eventually, an integrated workflow of using both temperature and pressure data analysis is presented to characterize naturally fractured geothermal reservoir for the first time. Simulated test examples were interpreted to demonstrate its applicability.
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