Severe pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus admitted to the intensive care unit.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate clinical characters and prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and severe pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective study that reviewed all clinical records of patients with SLE and severe pneumonia admitted to the ICU between 2008 and 2020.

Results: A total of 86 SLE patients with severe pneumonia during their first ICU admission were enrolled in this study. Most patients were female (n = 71, 82.5%), and the median age was 42.3 ± 14.7 years. The most common organisms were gram-positive bacteria (20.9%), followed by gram-negative bacteria (18.6%) and fungi (10.4%). A total of 31 patients died within 30 days of ICU admission, and the 30-day mortality was 36%. In binary logistic regression analysis, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and mechanical ventilation were dependently associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.97, P = 0.016; OR = 4.02, P = 0.023; OR = 1.52, P = 0.036; respectively). Among the other 55 patients, 5 patients died after discharge from the ICU during the long-term follow-up.

Conclusions: Mortality was high in SLE patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the ICU, and most of the patients died within 30 days of ICU admission.