20世纪80年代,明斯克学童普遍骨架尺寸的纵向宪法研究

И. И. Саливон
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在确定某些骨骼尺寸的结构变化的特殊性,这些骨骼尺寸决定了青春期城市学童的体型和性别相关特征。本文作者所提供的人体测量数据是在1982年至1991年期间每年在明斯克进行的人体测量中收集的,主要是在7至17岁的同一学童中收集的。根据白俄罗斯人类学家制定的躯体分型方案(Salivon, Polina, 2003)确定和分类不同的体型(躯体分型)。体型的确定是基于五种人体测量指标的综合评估,这些指标描述了骨骼质量的程度和身体和四肢皮下脂肪沉积的水平。两种截然不同的体型变体被区分开来——衰弱型瘦体和脂肪型高体,以及中体细胞和四种不同程度的瘦体或高体的中间型。对体长、胸围、肩宽(双峰直径)和最大骨盆宽度(双峰直径)的性别和年龄相关变异性的比较分析揭示了身体发育过程的波浪式性质,身体尺寸生长交替加速和减速。基于骨形成发展的体质特征反映在不同的时间段和年指数的加速率增加。生长过程的加速在高体发育学童中大约早一年开始。相反,在患有纤体病的学龄儿童中,这种发育会延迟。同染色体儿童和青少年的身体发育更为平衡,所考虑的身体尺寸的最小和最大交替增加的数量减少。
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ЛОНГИТУДИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОНСТИТУЦИО-НАЛЬНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПОЛОВОЗРАСТНОЙ ИЗМЕН-ЧИВОСТИ ОСНОВНЫХ СКЕЛЕТНЫХ РАЗМЕРОВ У ШКОЛЬНИКОВ МИНСКА В 1980-Е ГОДЫ
The present study aims to identify the peculiarities of constitutional changes of some skeletal dimensions, which determine the shape and sex-linked traits of the body type of urban schoolchildren during puberty.The anthropometric data presented were collected by the author of the article during anthropometric measurement carried out annually in Minsk (between 1982 and 1991) mostly among the same schoolchildren, aged 7 to 17.The different body type (somatotypes) are determined and classified according to a scheme of somatotyping developed by Belarusian anthropologists (Salivon, Polina, 2003). The determination of somatotypes is based on the combined evaluation of five anthropometric indices, which describe the degree of skeleton massiveness and level of subcutaneous fat deposition in the body and the extremities. Two contrasting somatotype variants are distinguished – asthenized leptosomic and adipose hypersomic, as well as mezosomic and four intermediate types with varying degree of leptosomy or hypersomy. The comparative analysis of sex- and age-related variability in body length, chest circumference, shoulder breadth (bisacromial diameter) and maximum pelvic width (biacromial diameter) revealed the wave-like nature of body development process with alternating acceleration and deceleration of body dimensions growth. The constitutional peculiarities based on the development of bone formation are reflected in different time periods and rates of acceleration in annual indices increase. The growth process acceleration begins about one year earlier in hypersomic schoolchildren. On the contrary, it is delayed in leptosomic schoolchildren. Mezosomic children and adolescents have a more balanced body development with a reduced number of alternating minimum and maximum increases in the considered body dimensions.
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