Ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor of carbon-based materials for meta-photonics-heterostructure, lasers, and holographic displays

Carbon-based materials (CM) growth techniques include common growth factors for meta-photonics-heterostructure, holographic displays, and lasers. In this article, a review of basic growth using several sources is presented. The solid and gas sources of CVD and PLD techniques are discussed. Additionally, doping types and the fabrication of the CM devices are covered to satisfy the requirements of the light emitters’ functionality in the physics of materials as follows: (a) direct bandgap, (b) UV range of 0.1 μm < λ_G < 0.4 μm, 12.40 eV < E_G > 3.10 eV, and (c) p-n junction formation. Additionally, conversion of injected electrical current into light in the semiconductor materials using the anti-electrons process for creating light emitters is proposed. Therefore, this review study explores the potential of the selected CM sources as an inexpensive and abundantly available renewable natural source for highly crystalline nanolayers. The CM status of epitaxial thin-film growth is introduced as well as device-processing technologies for prediction. Finally, the positron process in direct light conversion is discussed.