炎性肿瘤微环境的信号传导观点

Joana F. S. Pereira, P. Jordan, P. Matos
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引用次数: 5

摘要

肿瘤的发展需要一个启动事件,通常暴露于DNA损伤剂中,引起基因突变或染色体异常等遗传改变,导致细胞增殖失控。虽然进一步突变的随机积累可能导致肿瘤进展,但现在很清楚,炎症微环境对启动细胞具有主要的促肿瘤影响,特别是当在启动肿瘤细胞形成之前已经存在慢性炎症反应时。此外,炎症细胞被动员起来响应肿瘤细胞发出的信号。在这两种情况下,微环境提供的信号启动肿瘤细胞被膜受体感知,并通过下游激酶级联传导,调节多种细胞过程,并通过细胞基因表达、代谢和形态的变化做出反应。细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子是免疫细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞分泌的主要信号,在炎症微环境中介导复杂的细胞-细胞串音,有助于提高癌细胞存活率、表型可塑性和对周围组织条件的适应。最终,随之而来的细胞外基质硬度和结构的变化,加上额外的遗传改变,进一步加强了肿瘤细胞的恶性进展,为它们的侵袭和转移做好了准备。在这里,我们概述了炎症性肿瘤微环境组成的当前知识,重点介绍了介导基质细胞-肿瘤细胞通信的不同方面的主要信号和信号转导事件,这些信号和信号转导事件最终导致恶性进展。
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A Signaling View into the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment
The development of tumors requires an initiator event, usually exposure to DNA damaging agents that cause genetic alterations such as gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities, leading to deregulated cell proliferation. Although the mere stochastic accumulation of further mutations may cause tumor progression, it is now clear that an inflammatory microenvironment has a major tumor-promoting influence on initiated cells, in particular when a chronic inflammatory reaction already existed before the initiated tumor cell was formed. Moreover, inflammatory cells become mobilized in response to signals emanating from tumor cells. In both cases, the microenvironment provides signals that initiated tumor cells perceive by membrane receptors and transduce via downstream kinase cascades to modulate multiple cellular processes and respond with changes in cell gene expression, metabolism, and morphology. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are examples of major signals secreted by immune cells, fibroblast, and endothelial cells and mediate an intricate cell-cell crosstalk in an inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to increased cancer cell survival, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation to surrounding tissue conditions. Eventually, consequent changes in extracellular matrix stiffness and architecture, coupled with additional genetic alterations, further fortify the malignant progression of tumor cells, priming them for invasion and metastasis. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the composition of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on the major signals and signal-transducing events mediating different aspects of stromal cell-tumor cell communication that ultimately lead to malignant progression.
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来源期刊
Immuno-Analyse & Biologie Specialisee
Immuno-Analyse & Biologie Specialisee 医学-医学实验技术
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