其他地区的国家可以从拉丁美洲的社会保障改革中学到什么

IF 8.7 1区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2007-10-04 DOI:10.1093/WBRO/LKM011
I. Gill, Ceren Ozer, Radu Tatucu
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引用次数: 9

摘要

拉丁美洲大约有十几个国家已经实施了改革,其中包括其他地方正在考虑的因素,包括社会保障的部分私有化。然而,要从阿根廷、智利和墨西哥等国的经验中得出社会保障改革的普遍教训并不容易,在这些国家,规模庞大的公共养老金体系在人口老龄化之前就破产了,主要原因是管理不善。大多数发展中经济体的社会保障体系都要小得多。工业国家管理相对良好的系统面临着人口老龄化带来的长期性问题。然而,拉丁美洲的经验为世界其他地区的国家提供了一些普遍的教训。这些经验教训涉及改革带来的劳动力市场激励的变化以及工人对此的反应,政府在管理向基金养老金过渡方面取得成功的行动,以及个人对社会保障体系的期望。拉丁美洲的改革表明,最有效的方法是保持低工资税,政府有偿付能力,社会保障体系专注于为老年贫困提供合理的保险。
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What can countries in other regions learn from social security reform in Latin America
About a dozen countries in Latin America have enacted reforms that include elements being contemplated elsewhere, including the partial privatization of social security. It is not easy to draw universal lessons for social security reform from the experience of countries such as Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, however, where sizeable public pension systems went bankrupt before the populations aged, mainly because of mismanagement. Most developing economies have much smaller social security systems. Relatively well managed systems in industrial countries face problems that are long term in nature and have been brought about by an aging population. The experiences of Latin America nevertheless offer some general lessons for countries in other parts of the world. These lessons relate to changes in labor market incentives accompanying reforms and how workers react to them, government actions that have met with success in managing the transition to funded pensions, and the expectations of individuals from social security systems. Latin America’s reforms suggest that the most effective approach is to keep payroll taxes low, governments solvent, and social security systems focused on providing reasonable insurance against poverty in old age.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.60
自引率
1.20%
发文量
8
期刊介绍: The World Bank Journals, including the Research Observer, boast the largest circulation among economics titles. The Research Observer is distributed freely to over 9,100 subscribers in non-OECD countries. Geared towards informing nonspecialist readers about research within and outside the Bank, it covers areas of economics relevant for development policy. Intended for policymakers, project officers, journalists, and educators, its surveys and overviews require only minimal background in economic analysis. Articles are not sent to referees but are assessed and approved by the Editorial Board, including distinguished economists from outside the Bank. The Observer has around 1,500 subscribers in OECD countries and nearly 10,000 subscribers in developing countries.
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