Intersectional health disparities: the relationships between sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation and depressive symptoms

ABSTRACT This study uses Intersectionality-informed methods to quantitatively examine experiences of discrimination and depressive symptoms among historically marginalised populations. Using mediation models and data from Project STRIDE collected in 2005–2006, discrimination (attributed to gender and/or sexual orientation and/or race/ethnicity) was modelled as a mediator between identity and depressive symptoms among seven diverse identity-based subgroups (75% sexual minorities and 50% Black or Hispanic). Discrimination partially mediated the effect of identity on depressive symptoms for sexual minority Black women, but only when accounting for discrimination on the basis of all three marginalised identities (woman, Black, and lesbian/bisexual). Sexual minority Black and white men experienced significantly less/less frequent depressive symptoms relative to straight white men, holding constant discrimination. While quantitatively modelling intersectionality is inherently nuanced, this study may serve as a framework for carrying out future quantitative intersectionality-based studies. Ultimately, intersectionality research contributes to the potential for a healthier and more equitable society for all.