{"title":"人工制品和天然改性实体槽生物技术","authors":"Mónica María Márquez","doi":"10.22430/21457778.1242","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl problema filosofico que representan los organismos modificados geneticamente ha sido poco abordado en las discusiones sobre artefactos en la filosofia de la tecnologia. El proposito de este articulo es analizar diferentes posturas filosoficas respecto a este tipo de entidades naturales complejas, que no pueden ser definidas como objetos naturales simples, pues han sido intervenidos por medio de la tecnica, pero tampoco como objetos artificiales, similares a las maquinas industriales o a otro tipo de objeto artefactual. Se evaluan dos posturas filosoficas: la primera, afirma que dichas entidades son artificiales, en el entendimiento de que los artefactos son objetos hechos por el hombre. La segunda, que estas entidades modificadas son objetos naturales producidos artificialmente, segun Quintanilla y Jonas. Se presenta una propuesta que ofrece argumentos para reconocer, desde varias perspectivas, que las entidades naturales son sistemas autogenerativos: la autonomia constitutiva de Maturana y Varela, la autoorganizacion postulada por Kauffman y la autonomia de Ruiz-Mirazo & Moreno. Se propone una definicion del tipo de objetos que serian los organismos modificados geneticamente, afirmando que son sistemas vivientes autogenerativos que tienen un diseno intencional en los componentes artificiales. La consecuencia principal es que tal tipo de entidades no son iguales a artefactos. EnglishThe philosophical problem represented by genetically modified organisms has been insufficiently addressed in discussions of artifacts in the philosophy of technology. The purpose of this article is to analyze different philosophical positions regarding this type of complex natural entities, which cannot be defined as simple natural objects, since they have been intervened by means of technique, but neither as artificial objects, similar to industrial machines or to another type of artifactual object. Two philosophical postures are evaluated: the first asserts that these entities are artificial, in the understanding that artifacts are man-made objects. The second says that these modified entities are artificially produced natural objects, according to Quintanilla and Jonas. A proposal is presented that offers arguments to recognize, from several perspectives, that natural entities are autogenerative systems: the constitutive autonomy of Maturana and Varela, the self-organization postulated by Kauffman and the autonomy of Ruiz-Mirazo and Moreno. A definition of genetically modified organisms is proposed, arguing that they are autogenerative living systems that have an intentional design in the artificial components. The main consequence is that such entities are not equal to artefacts.","PeriodicalId":8928,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Artefactos y entidades naturales modificadas por medio de la biotecnología (Artifacts and Natural Modified Entities Trough Biotechnology)\",\"authors\":\"Mónica María Márquez\",\"doi\":\"10.22430/21457778.1242\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"espanolEl problema filosofico que representan los organismos modificados geneticamente ha sido poco abordado en las discusiones sobre artefactos en la filosofia de la tecnologia. El proposito de este articulo es analizar diferentes posturas filosoficas respecto a este tipo de entidades naturales complejas, que no pueden ser definidas como objetos naturales simples, pues han sido intervenidos por medio de la tecnica, pero tampoco como objetos artificiales, similares a las maquinas industriales o a otro tipo de objeto artefactual. Se evaluan dos posturas filosoficas: la primera, afirma que dichas entidades son artificiales, en el entendimiento de que los artefactos son objetos hechos por el hombre. La segunda, que estas entidades modificadas son objetos naturales producidos artificialmente, segun Quintanilla y Jonas. Se presenta una propuesta que ofrece argumentos para reconocer, desde varias perspectivas, que las entidades naturales son sistemas autogenerativos: la autonomia constitutiva de Maturana y Varela, la autoorganizacion postulada por Kauffman y la autonomia de Ruiz-Mirazo & Moreno. Se propone una definicion del tipo de objetos que serian los organismos modificados geneticamente, afirmando que son sistemas vivientes autogenerativos que tienen un diseno intencional en los componentes artificiales. La consecuencia principal es que tal tipo de entidades no son iguales a artefactos. EnglishThe philosophical problem represented by genetically modified organisms has been insufficiently addressed in discussions of artifacts in the philosophy of technology. The purpose of this article is to analyze different philosophical positions regarding this type of complex natural entities, which cannot be defined as simple natural objects, since they have been intervened by means of technique, but neither as artificial objects, similar to industrial machines or to another type of artifactual object. Two philosophical postures are evaluated: the first asserts that these entities are artificial, in the understanding that artifacts are man-made objects. The second says that these modified entities are artificially produced natural objects, according to Quintanilla and Jonas. A proposal is presented that offers arguments to recognize, from several perspectives, that natural entities are autogenerative systems: the constitutive autonomy of Maturana and Varela, the self-organization postulated by Kauffman and the autonomy of Ruiz-Mirazo and Moreno. A definition of genetically modified organisms is proposed, arguing that they are autogenerative living systems that have an intentional design in the artificial components. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在技术哲学中关于人工制品的讨论中,转基因生物所代表的哲学问题很少被提及。这篇文章的目的是审查采取不同的立场filosoficas这种复杂的自然实体,不能简单定义为自然对象,因为遭到窃听通过技能,但也因为类似的人造物体,工业机器或其他artefactual对象类型。本文对两种哲学观点进行了评估:第一种观点认为这些实体是人工的,因为人工制品是人造的物体。第二,根据昆塔尼拉和乔纳斯的说法,这些修改过的实体是人工产生的自然物体。本文提出了一种方法,从不同的角度承认自然实体是自生系统:Maturana和Varela的构成自治,Kauffman假设的自组织和Ruiz-Mirazo & Moreno的自治。本文提出了转基因生物是什么类型的物体的定义,声称它们是自我生成的生命系统,在人工成分中有一个有意的设计。主要的结果是,这些类型的实体并不等同于工件。在技术哲学中关于人工的讨论中,基因改良生物所代表的哲学问题没有得到充分的解决。本说明的目的是条is to analyze不同关于this type of complex philosophical职位自然简单的自然实体,which be defined as objects, they have been intervened by means of technique,但两者as似的人造objects to工业machines or to another type of artifactual object。Two philosophical postures are evaluated: the first本来这些实体的人工,in the understanding that artifacts are人造objects。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的面积为。本文提出一项建议,从几个角度承认自然实体是自生系统:Maturana和Varela的构成自治,Kauffman假设的自组织,以及Ruiz-Mirazo和Moreno的自治。提议的修改definition of genetically organisms is,客厅arguing that they are autogenerative systems that have an intentional design in the人工部件。主要的结果是,这些实体与人工制品不平等。
Artefactos y entidades naturales modificadas por medio de la biotecnología (Artifacts and Natural Modified Entities Trough Biotechnology)
espanolEl problema filosofico que representan los organismos modificados geneticamente ha sido poco abordado en las discusiones sobre artefactos en la filosofia de la tecnologia. El proposito de este articulo es analizar diferentes posturas filosoficas respecto a este tipo de entidades naturales complejas, que no pueden ser definidas como objetos naturales simples, pues han sido intervenidos por medio de la tecnica, pero tampoco como objetos artificiales, similares a las maquinas industriales o a otro tipo de objeto artefactual. Se evaluan dos posturas filosoficas: la primera, afirma que dichas entidades son artificiales, en el entendimiento de que los artefactos son objetos hechos por el hombre. La segunda, que estas entidades modificadas son objetos naturales producidos artificialmente, segun Quintanilla y Jonas. Se presenta una propuesta que ofrece argumentos para reconocer, desde varias perspectivas, que las entidades naturales son sistemas autogenerativos: la autonomia constitutiva de Maturana y Varela, la autoorganizacion postulada por Kauffman y la autonomia de Ruiz-Mirazo & Moreno. Se propone una definicion del tipo de objetos que serian los organismos modificados geneticamente, afirmando que son sistemas vivientes autogenerativos que tienen un diseno intencional en los componentes artificiales. La consecuencia principal es que tal tipo de entidades no son iguales a artefactos. EnglishThe philosophical problem represented by genetically modified organisms has been insufficiently addressed in discussions of artifacts in the philosophy of technology. The purpose of this article is to analyze different philosophical positions regarding this type of complex natural entities, which cannot be defined as simple natural objects, since they have been intervened by means of technique, but neither as artificial objects, similar to industrial machines or to another type of artifactual object. Two philosophical postures are evaluated: the first asserts that these entities are artificial, in the understanding that artifacts are man-made objects. The second says that these modified entities are artificially produced natural objects, according to Quintanilla and Jonas. A proposal is presented that offers arguments to recognize, from several perspectives, that natural entities are autogenerative systems: the constitutive autonomy of Maturana and Varela, the self-organization postulated by Kauffman and the autonomy of Ruiz-Mirazo and Moreno. A definition of genetically modified organisms is proposed, arguing that they are autogenerative living systems that have an intentional design in the artificial components. The main consequence is that such entities are not equal to artefacts.