Surface Treatments and Adhesives Used to Increase the Bond Strength Between Polyetheretherketone and Resin-based Dental Materials: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: To identify and discuss the available surface treatments and adhesives for polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to increase its bond strength to resin-based materials used in dentistry.

Materials and methods: The reporting of this scoping review was based on PRISMA. The study protocol was made available at: https://osf.io/4nur9/. Studies which evaluated PEEK surface treatments and its bond strength to resin-based materials were selected. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane databases. The screening was undertaken by 3 independent researchers using the Rayyan program. A descriptive analysis was performed considering study characteristics and main findings (title, data of publication, authors, PEEK characteristics, surface treatments, control group, bonded set, luting agent, specimen geometry, storage, thermocycling, pre-test failures, test geometry, failure analysis, main findings, and compliance with normative guidelines).

Results: The initial search yielded 1965 articles, of which 32 were included for descriptive analysis. The review showed that the use of surface treatments and adhesives are important to promote bond strength to PEEK. Up until now, various surface treatments have been explored for bond improvement to PEEK. Sulfuric acid etching is commonly reported as promoting the highest bond strength, followed by alumina-particle air abrasion. Regarding adhesives, the use of a specific adhesive containing MMA, PETIA (pentaerythritol triacrylate), and dimethacrylates yields the best adhesive performance.

Conclusion: Sulfuric acid etching and alumina particle air abrasion followed by application of bonding agents containing MMA, PETIA and dimethacrylates are the most effective choices to increase resin-based materials' adhesion to PEEK.