推进水相关污染物的免疫化学分析

B. Hock
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目前,免疫分析法在水分析的免疫化学方法中占主要地位。进一步的发展集中在减少分析、自动化和多分析方法所需的时间上。流动注射免疫分析、免疫传感和阵列技术取得了重要进展。这些方法的优点主要体现在这些应用中,这些应用使样品制备的努力降到最低。尽管取得了进展,特别是在分析敏感性方面,但合适抗体的可用性仍然被认为是免疫化学方法在水分析中应用的限制因素。杂交瘤技术为无限量生产单克隆抗体,即质量不变的均质抗体制剂提供了基础。然而,生产新的单克隆抗体仍然需要新的免疫方法和新的动物。只有重组技术不仅提供了廉价的大规模生产的潜力,而且还提供了在DNA水平上改变给定抗体性质的潜力。免疫系统具有抗体亲和成熟和多样化的可能性,被用作生产新的或改进的抗体特性的模型。抗体库代表了体外的免疫库,为选择合适的变体和在随后的多样化和选择步骤中进一步优化提供了基础。本文给出了用重组融合蛋白和fab对水中除草剂进行免疫分析的例子。
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Fortschritte in der immunchemischen Analytik von gewässerrelevanten Schadstoffen
Up to now, immunoassays play a major role among immunochemical methods for water analysis. Further developments are focussed at the reduction of time required for analysis, automation, and multianalyte approaches. Important progress has been achieved in flow injection immunoanalysis, immunosensing, and array technologies. The advantages of these methodologies are mainly seen in those applications, which keep the efforts for sample preparation to a minimum. In spite of the achieved progress, especially with respect to assay sensitivities, the availability of suitable antibodies is still considered the limiting factor for the application of immunochemical methods in water analysis. The hybridoma technology has provided the basis for the production of unlimited amounts of monoclonal antibodies, i.e., homogeneous antibody preparations of unchanging quality. However, the production of new monoclonal antibodies still requires new immunisations and new animals. Only recombinant technologies offer the potential not only for inexpensive mass production, but also for the alteration of given antibody properties at the DNA level. The immune system with its possibilities for affinity maturation and diversification of antibodies is used as a model for the production of new or improved antibody properties. Antibody libraries, which represent the immune repertoire in vitro, provide the basis for the selection of suitable variants and further optimisation in subsequent diversification and selection steps. Examples are given for immunoassays with recombinant fusion proteins and Fabs for the analysis of herbizides in water.
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