Australian Veterans of the Middle East Conflicts 2001–2010: Select Reproductive Health Outcomes Part 2 — Prenatal, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes

Background: Following on from Part 1 of these companion articles, which described the maternal and paternal cohort of the Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) Census Study, this manuscript aims to describe fetal and infant characteristics and outcomes from the self-report data, including live deliveries, stillbirths, all other pregnancy losses, and unknown outcomes. Methods: A descriptive analysis was performed on the clinical variables where data were reported. Descriptive statistics (means, frequencies, percentiles) were used to describe the occurrence of adverse gestational outcomes. Odds ratios were also calculated for perinatal outcomes. Infant characteristics and outcomes were evaluated using statistical analysis software IBM SPSS v26. Results: There were 15,417 pregnancies reported by respondents to the MEAO Census Study. Of these, 74% (11,367) resulted in a live delivery, 0.75% in a stillbirth, and 20% in another type of pregnancy loss (ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, termination). The unadjusted odds of an adverse perinatal outcome were higher in the MEAO Census population than in the general Australian population, notably stillbirth (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 2.56–3.80), perinatal death (OR = 3.80, 95% CI 3.26–4.44), and neonatal death (OR = 5.43, 95% CI 4.27–6.91). There were 499 cases of birth defects reported and 85 cases of childhood cancer in the MEAO population. The unadjusted odds of childhood cancer were slightly higher (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.09–3.28) in the MEAO population, and the unadjusted odds of birth defects were lower (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.40–0.68). The male:female infant sex ratio of babies born to respondents was 102 (5939 males:5823 females). Conclusions: The MEAO Census Study presents a generally reassuring picture of reproductive health for women serving in the Australian Defence Force with regards to the risk of pregnancy loss and perinatal outcomes. The increased odds of perinatal and neonatal death and stillbirth are worthy of further study and evaluation, as is the increase in likelihood of childhood cancer in the offspring of MEAO veterans.